The Ideal Gas

Ideal Gas Law

Van der Waals Equation
Distribution of Molecular Speeds

Reading Question
What is the SI unit of pressure?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

The Nm2 (Newton-meter-squared)

The atmosphere
The p.s.i.
The Pascal
The Archimedes

Reading Question
What is the SI unit of pressure?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

The Nm2 (Newton-meter-squared)

The atmosphere
The p.s.i.
The Pascal
The Archimedes

Reading Question
The ideal gas model is valid if
1. the gas density is low.
2. the gas density is high.
3. the temperature is low.
4. the gas pressure is large.
5. none of the above

Reading Question
The ideal gas model is valid if
1. the gas density is low.
2. the gas density is high.
3. the temperature is low.
4. the gas pressure is large.
5. none of the above

Reading Question
An ideal-gas process in which the volume doesnt change
is called
1. isobaric.
2. isothermal.
3. isochoric.
4. isentropic.

Reading Question
An ideal-gas process in which the volume doesnt change
is called
1. isobaric.
2. isothermal.
3. isochoric.
4. isentropic.

The Ideal Gas

Heat of Transformation
Heat of fusion the
heat to transform a
gram of substance from
solid to liquid.

Slope heat capacity

Qf = mLf
Heat of vaporization
the heat to transform a
gram of substance from
liquid to gas.
Qv = mLv
Sublimation solid to gas

Q time

The Ideal Gas

Heat of Transformation
Substance

Melting
point, K

Lf, kJ/kg

Boiling
point, K

Lv, kJ/kg

Alcohol

159

109

351

879

Copper

1357

205

2840

4726

54.8

13.8

90.2

213

273

334

373

2257

Mercury
Oxygen
Sulfur
Water

The Ideal Gas

Phase Diagram

Sublimation

Boiling

The Ideal Gas

Phase Diagram for Water

The Ideal Gas

Student Workbook

freezing point at temperature T

boiling point at pressure p
sublimation at pressure p

triple point

critical point

Student Workbook

boiling point temperature decreases

Class Question
When you warm up CO2 or dry ice it goes directly from a
solid to a gas. This processes is called
1. critical point
2. sublimation
3. isochoric processes
4. isentropic processes
5. None of the above.

Class Question
When you warm up CO2 or dry ice it goes directly from a
solid to a gas. This processes is called
1. critical point
2. sublimation
3. isochoric processes
4. isentropic processes
5. None of the above.

The Ideal Gas

The Ideal Gas Law

PV NkT
P pressure exerted by the gas (Pa)
V volume of the gas
N number of molecules in the gas (m3)
T temperature of the gas (K)
k = 1.38X10-23 J/K Boltzmanns constant
Most real gases obey this law with very slight deviations
A mole is 6.022X1023 molecules.

PV nRT

R = NAk = 8.314 J/Kmole universal gas constant

The Ideal Gas

Quasi-static and Irreversible Processes

The Ideal Gas

Isochoric Processes

The Ideal Gas

Isobaric Processes

The Ideal Gas

Isothermal Processes

The Ideal Gas

Isothermal Processes

Student Workbook

Fnet 0 because the liquid is not accelerating

Fatm

the pressure is less.

Student Workbook
T1
T2

p1V1 p2V2
T
PV NkT Nk
pV

T1
T2

p1V1 3 p1 2V1
T2 6T1

Student Workbook

p
T

pV NkT
Nk V

T1
T2

p1V1 p2V2
T1
2T1

p1V1 p2 3V1
2
p2 p1
3

Student Workbook

Student Workbook

isochoric
1
0

isothermal
0

isobaric
0
1

Student Workbook

pV NkT

Class Question
You have two containers of equal volume. One is full of
helium gas. The other holds an equal mass of nitrogen
gas. Both gases have the same pressure. How does the
temperature of the helium compare to the temperature of
the nitrogen?
1. Thelium < Tnitrogen
2. Thelium = Tnitrogen
3. Thelium > Tnitrogen
4. There is not enough information

Class Question
You have two containers of equal volume. One is full of
helium gas. The other holds an equal mass of nitrogen
gas. Both gases have the same pressure. How does the
temperature of the helium compare to the temperature of
the nitrogen?
1. Thelium < Tnitrogen
2. Thelium = Tnitrogen
3. Thelium > Tnitrogen
4. There is not enough information

Class Question
What is the ratio Tf /Ti for
this process?
1. 4
2. 2
3. 1 (no change)
4.
5.

Class Question
What is the ratio Tf /Ti for
this process?
1. 4
2. 2
3. 1 (no change)
4.
5.

The Ideal Gas

Kinetic Theory of the Ideal Gas

The Ideal Gas

Kinetic Theory of the Ideal Gas
3
1 2

kT mv K
2
2

vthermal

N (v)v 4N

3kT

2kT

32

v 2e

1 2
mv
2

kT

The Ideal Gas

Real Gases
Van der Waals Equation

n2a
P 2 V nb kT
V

Takes into account

1. Size of the molecules
2. Interaction between the molecules