FUEL SYSTEM

Basic Operations

Bunkering( Receiving)

Transferring

Purification

Servicing

Bunkering
Bunkering is one process on ship
which has been the reason for several
accidents in the past. Bunkering on
ship can be of fuel oil, sludge,
diesel oil, cargo etc. Bunkering of
fuel or diesel oil requires utmost care
and alertness to prevent any kind of
fire accident or oil spill.

Receiving (Bunkering)

Receiving (Bunkering)

Transferring

Storage tanks
Tanks where fuel oils, diesel or any
kind of oil is stored and maintaining
the corrective temperature in each
individual tanks.

Settling tanks

Settling tank
Settlingis the process by which particulates
settle to the bottom of a liquid and form
asediment. Particles that experience a force,
either due to gravity or due tocentrifugal
motionwill tend to move in a uniform manner in
the direction exerted by that force. For gravity
settling, this means that the particles will tend to
fall to the bottom of the vessel, forming aslurryat
the vessel base. Oil-water-sediments

Purification

Gravity Separation
Consider gravity separation, as occurs
in a settling tank, over a gradual period
solids such as sludge, dirt, etc., will
settle out at the bottom of the tank. The
heavy liquids, such as water, will settle
out above the solids and the lighter
liquids, such as oil, will be at the top of
the tank. The application of heat will
speed up the separation process.

Separation occurs due to the

specific gravities or densities of
the liquids and solids.

Centrifugal Purifiers
In the above case it is gravity that is
responsible for the settling out and this
takes quite a while. If the gravitational
force is increased, by using centrifugal
force, the separation effect is much
greater. This is shown in figure below by
imagining settling tank on its side and
rotated, which is the basic principle
ofcentrifugal purifiers.

Centrifugal Purifiers

Servicing

Servicing
is
the
distribution of fuel
from the service
tank(heavy fuel oil/
diesel oil) to the
equipment/
machineries
requiring it.

BASIC PARTS OF FUEL

SYSTEM
Fuel Oil Settling
Tank
The liquid ( oil, water and
sediments) pumped into
the tank, through action of
gravity will form the layer of
oil on top and the heavier
sediments at the bottom.
The lower portion are
drained to the sludge tank
or to the oil separator for
further treatment.

BASIC PARTS OF FUEL

SYSTEM
Separator / Purifier
From settling tank the
oil is fed to a
centrifugal separator/
purifier which further
remove the impurities
of the oil

BASIC PARTS OF FUEL

SYSTEM
Fuel Filters
It removes dirt from
the fuel oil before it
reaches the fuel pumps
and the fuel injectors.
The filters are located
between the booster
and the fuel injector
pump.

BASIC PARTS OF FUEL

SYSTEM
FUEL
PUMP/CIRCULATING
PUMP
It pressurize the fuel to
about 8 bar through
the heaters and to the
engine.

BASIC PARTS OF FUEL

SYSTEM
Pressure Control Valve
The supply pumps
raise the pressure to
about 7 bar. To keep
the discharge pressure
constant, a pressure
regulating valve is
used.

BASIC PARTS OF FUEL

SYSTEM

Viscosimeter (also
called as viscometer)is
an instrument used to
measure theviscosityof
afluid. For liquids with
viscosities which vary
withflow conditions, an
instrument called
arheometeris used.
Viscometers only
measure under one flow
condition.

HFO HEATER

The HFO heaters

can be inline type
or tank mounted
type. Generally U
bundle type heat
exchangers are
used for this
application.

Q-3
1. What are the 4 basic operation on our fuel oil
system?
2. It is the process by which particulates settle to the
bottom of a liquid and form asediment.
3. It removes dirt from the fuel oil before it reaches
the fuel pumps and the fuel injectors.
4. It pressurize the fuel to about 8 bar through the
heaters and to the engine.
5. Tanks where fuel oils, diesel or any kind of oil is
stored and maintaining the corrective temperature in
each individual tanks.
6. Draw a settling tank and identify the 3 phases w/in
the tank.