Optimal ESS Allocation and Load

Shedding for Improving

Distribution System Reliability

Authors
Mubshar Naeem
Salah u din

Energy Storage System

PS are now evolving from the conventional regulated

system, with centralized generation connected to the

transmission networks,
Deregulated structure that allows small generators to be
connected directly to the distribution networks.
Energy storage systems (ESSs) are one promising
technology

Support the incorporation of smart grids

Capacity to enable successful islanding
Facilitate the integration of high penetration levels of renewable
energy sources (RESs).

Advantages
ESSs can also provide additional benefits for distribution
utilities, such as an

Support rapid interruption

Isolate faulty section
Demand side management, in case of fault
Rechargeable during the normal operation
Reliability
During contingency, islanding is taken into account

Basic configuration of
BESS in a power system.[6]

Disadvantages
Charging of the ESS was not included in the analysis,
It can be fully charged between any two successive

failures.
However, the charging cycle of the ESS must be
considered in order to determine whether it can be fully
charged during acceptable operating states that
Do not violate system constraints.

Particle Swarm Optimization

Uses a number of particles that constitute a swarm moving
around in the search space looking for the best solution.
Each particle in search space adjusts its flying according to
its own flying experience as well as the flying experience of
other particles.
Each particle tracks its coordinates in the solution space which
are associated with the best solution (fitness) that has achieved
so far by that particle. This value is called personal best, pbest.
Another best value by any particle in the neighborhood of that
particle. This value is called gbest.
The basic concept of PSO lies in accelerating each particle
toward its pbest and the gbest locations, with a random
weighted acceleration at each time step.

PSO Algorithm Flow Chart

IEEE 33 Bus System. [5]

WTP customers
Some customers willing to pay more for greater reliability.
Willingness to pay (WTP) represents reliability value that

utilities might lose if they fail to achieve the desired

reliability level for those customers.
Optimization approaches that include economic
considerations in order to determine the
optimal investment plan
optimal reliability level.

During Contingency,
Formed Island

Results
Contingency at line between buses 7 and 8.