Wan khadiah w.

yusof

Noor Afika Azri

GROUP 7

LEARNING OBJECTIVE

Define zika virus

Describe the epidemiology of zika virus

Discuss how zika virus transmitted from person to person and from mother
to child.

State symptom of zika virus

explain the investigate use to detects zika virus

Describe the complication of Zika virus

Discuss the prevention of zika virus infection

Explain about Nursing care plan for the patient infected with zika virus

INTRODUCTION

Zika, a name come from zika Forest of Uganda

where the virus was 1st found in 1947. is a mosquito
borne disease. The virus is spread primarily through
the bite of Aedes mosquitoes. These are the same
mosquitoes that cause disease like dengue and
chikungunya.

EPIDEMIOLOGY

Genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae

Aedes species mosquito.

EPIDEMIOLOGY

EPIDEMIOLOGY

VIRUS INCIDENT & ATTACK RATE

Infection Rate : 73%
Symptomatic rate among infected person: 18%
All age group are afected
Adult are more likely to present for medical care.
No severe disease, hospitalization or death recorded.
Notes: Rate based on survey on Yap Island, 2007
( population 7,391)

on 6 september 2016

INCUBATION AND VIREMIA

Incubation period for Zika virus disease is 314

days.
Zika viremia ranges from a few days to 1 week.
Virus remains in semen longer than in blood.

METHOD OF TRANSMISSION

MOTHER TO CHILD
TRANSMISSION
A mother already infected with Zika virus near
the time of delivery can pass of the virus to her
newborn around the time of birth.
It is possible that Zika virus could be passes
from mother to fetus during pregnancy.
To date, there are no reports of infants getting
Zika virus through breastfeeding.

World Health Organization, 2016

Traveller to the zika

virus countries

Pregnant mother
Receive blood
transfusion

PREDISPOSI
NG FACTOR

Unprotected sexual
activities with
infected men

Mosquito bite
exposure

REPORTED CLINICAL SYMPTOMS AMONG

CONFIRMED ZIKA VIRUS DISEASE CASES

Dufy M. R, 2009

Investigatio
n

Laboratory evidence of maternal Zika

virus infection

Zika virus RNA detected by (rRT-PCR) in any clinical specimen

within 2 weeks of exposure or symptom onset,

Serum IgM within 212 weeks of exposure or symptom onset.

Oduyebo. T, et al.

2016.

Recommended infant laboratory

evaluation

Collected should be in a 1st 2 day of life.

A positive infant serum or urine rRT-PCR test result confirms congenital Zika
virus infection.

Positive Zika virus IgM testing, with a negative rRTPCR result, indicates
probable congenital Zika virus infection.

Russell et al., 2016

COMPLICATION
Microcephaly

zika virus can cause congenital severe

central nerves system damage and
microcephaly
the risk that a pregnant women infected
with zika infects her is unknown

MEASURING HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE FOR

MICROCEPHALY

Center for Disease Control , 2016

COMPLICATION OF ZIKA VIRUS

Guillain Barre syndrome- is a disorder in which the body's immune system

attacks part of the peripheral nervous system

Temporal association Zika outbreaks and increases in the incidence of

Guillain Barre syndrome observe in Brazil ,French. Investigation into this
association are ongoing

TREATMENT AND HOME

REMEDIES

(Center for Disease Control, 2016)

EVALUATION FOR ALL INFANT WITH POSITIVE

OR INCONCLUSIVE ZIKA VIRUS TEST RESULT

Physical examination, measurement of head circumference,

and assessment of gestational age.
Evaluation neurologic abnormalities, dysmorphic feature,
enlarge liver or spleen, and rash/ other skin lesion
cranial ultrasound
ophthalmologic evaluation before hospital discharge or within
1 month after birth.
Evaluation of hearing by evoked otoacoustic emissions testing
or auditory brainstem response testing before hospital
discharge or within 1 month after birth
Consultation with appropriate specialist for any abnormal
findings.

ADDITIONAL EVALUATION INFANTS WHO HAVE

MICROCEPHALY OR OTHER FINDING CONSISTENT WITH
CONGENITAL ZIKA VIRUS INFECTION

Consultation with clinical geneticist or

dysmorphologist and pediatric neurologist
Testing for other congenital infections, consider
consultation with pediatric infection disease
specialist.
Complete blood count, platelet count and liver
function and enzyme tests.
Genetic or other teratogenic cause should be
considered if additional anomalies are identified.

LONG TERM FOLLOW UP FOR INFANTS WITH

POSITIVE OR INCONCLUSIVE ZIKA VIRUS TEST
RESULT

audiology follow up for 6 month

Continued evaluation of developmental characteristics
and milestone, as well as head circumference, through
1st year of life

Conclusion
The newly emerged zika virus had already gave a
significant impact in health care settings. It appears that
people are more concern on this particular virus due to
its clear association with microcephaly and other severe
fatal defect among newborn infants and become a
threat to an unborn baby. Nevertheless zika viruses have
long existed but they were not as widely discussed
within the last two decades until recently. Further
research need to be done to prevent more fatal defect
and overcome the zika threat.

REFERENCE

Centre for Deiseasen Control and Prevention (CDC) .2016. Measuring head circumfrence.
Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/zika/pdfs/microcephaly_measuring.pdf on 6 september 2016

Centre for Deiseasen Control and Prevention (CDC) .2016. Controling mosquito at home.
Morbidity angd Mortality weekly Report. Retrieved from http://
www.cdc.gov/zika/prevention/controlling-mosquitoes-at-home.html on 6 september 2016

Centre for Deiseasen Control and Prevention (CDC) .2016. Key zika consideration s for healthcare
settings. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/zika/hc-providers/index.html on 6 september 2016

Dufy MR, Chen TH, Hancock WT, Powers AM, Kool JL, Lanciotti RS, et al. Zika virus outbreak on
Yap Island, Federated States of Micronesia. N Engl J Med 2009;360(24):2536-2543.

Kate Russell, Sara E. Oliver, Lillianne Lewis, et al. Update: Interim Guidance for the Evaluation
and Management of Infants with - Possible Congnital Zika Virus Infection , Morbidity and
Mortality Weekly Report, 2016, Vol. 65 / No. 33

Oduyebo T, Igbinosa I, Petersen EE, et al. Update: interim guidance for health care providers
caring for pregnant women with possible Zika virus exposure, United States, Morbidity and
Mortality Weekly Report, 2016;65:73944.

World Health Organization (WHO). Breastfeeding in the context of Zika virus - interim guidance.
2016 (22/04/2016); .

Pop quiz..
1. List 3 symptoms of zika virus infection.
2. Name the type of mosquito that serves as a vector for the virus.
3. What action could be taken to prevent zika virus?
4. What the complication of zika virus?
5. How Zika viruses are transmitted ?