OntogenyofBehaviour

DevelopmentandLearning

OntogenyofBehaviour
Innatebehaviourpattern

OntogenyofBehaviour
Genomeinformation
encodes
CNS

Learning

CNS

contains

IRM
FAP
or
MAP
IMMATURE

IRM
Maturation

FAP
or
MAP
MATURE

Learning

Definition:
allprocessesthatleadtoadaptivechangesin
individualbehaviourasaresultofexperienceundera
particularsetofenvironmentalconditions

Learning
Sensitivephasesblackguillemot

nest

Learning
Constraintsgullsandkittiwakes
Gulls

Kittiwake

groundnesting
youngwander

cliffnesting
youngneverwander

Parentslearnto
recognizetheirown
young

Parentsdontlearnto
recognizetheirown
youngjustnestsite

LearningProcesses
1.Habituation

LearningProcesses
2.Classical(Pavlovian)Conditioning

LearningProcesses
2.Classical(Pavlovian)Conditioning

Probabilityof
response

UCS+CStrials

CSalone

LearningProcesses
2.ClassicalConditioning
examplefromnaturebluejayandmonarchbutterfly

LearningProcesses
3.InstrumentalConditioning

LearningProcesses
4.Imitational(Observational)Learning
Facial
Expressions

LearningProcesses
5.Insight(Cognitive)Learning

(imagesfromKohler,1899)

LearningProcesses
6.Imprinting

LearningProcesses
6.Imprinting
a. Objectimprinting
i. Parental(filial)imprinting
ii. Sexualimprinting
b. Motoricimprinting
c. Habitatimprinting

LearningProcesses
6.Imprinting

a.

Objectimprinting
i.
Parental(filial)imprinting
ii.
Sexualimprinting

b.

Motoricimprinting

c.

Habitatimprinting

IRM
(veryrough)

Stimulus

Imprinton
object

IRM forgeesemovementandminimum/maximumsize
formallardsmovementandrhythmiccalls
Foramovie(Quicktime)ofaducklingbeingimprintedonamilkbottlegoto:
http://seab.envmed.rochester.edu/jeab/jeab_movies/09/Hoffman9177a.mov

LearningProcesses
6.Imprinting

a.

Objectimprinting
i.
Parental(filial)imprinting
ii.
Sexualimprinting

b.

Motoricimprinting

c.

Habitatimprinting

IRMcharacteristicsofsexualpartner
InmalesveryroughIRM
Infemalesmuchmoredeveloped

LearningProcesses
6.Imprinting

a.

Objectimprinting
i.
Parental(filial)imprinting
ii.
Sexualimprinting

b.

Motoricimprinting

c.

Habitatimprinting

Immelmanimprintinginfinches

SocietyFinch

ZebraFinch

LearningProcesses
6.Imprinting
Immelmanimprintinginfinches

a.

Objectimprinting
i.
Parental(filial)imprinting
ii.
Sexualimprinting

b.

Motoricimprinting

c.

Habitatimprinting

Zebrafinchraisedwithsocietyfinch
Removeat33to66days
Isolateduntilsexuallymature(4months)

Testedmales

Attackor
ignorezebra
finchfemales

Courtsociety
finchfemales

Testedfemales

Dontrespond
tosocietyfinch
courtship

Respondto
zebrafinch
courtship

LearningProcesses
6.Imprinting

a.

Objectimprinting
i.
Parental(filial)imprinting
ii.
Sexualimprinting

b.

Motoricimprinting

c.

Habitatimprinting

Majorcharacteristicsofobjectimprinting
1.

Innatelycontrolledtemporalmotorpattern

LearningProcesses
6.Imprinting

a.

Objectimprinting
i.
Parental(filial)imprinting
ii.
Sexualimprinting

b.

Motoricimprinting

c.

Habitatimprinting

Majorcharacteristicsofobjectimprinting
1.
2.

Innatelycontrolledtemporalmotorpattern
Takesplaceduringearlysensitivephase
Forparentalimprinting

Forsexualimprinting

Timedays

30

LearningProcesses
6.Imprinting

a.

Objectimprinting
i.
Parental(filial)imprinting
ii.
Sexualimprinting

b.

Motoricimprinting

c.

Habitatimprinting

Majorcharacteristicsofobjectimprinting
1.
2.
3.

Innatelycontrolledtemporalmotorpattern
Takesplaceduringearlysensitivephase
Relativelyirreversible

LearningProcesses
6.Imprinting

a.

Objectimprinting
i.
Parental(filial)imprinting
ii.
Sexualimprinting

b.

Motoricimprinting

c.

Habitatimprinting

Majorcharacteristicsofobjectimprinting
1.
2.
3.
4.

Innatelycontrolledtemporalmotorpattern
Takesplaceduringearlysensitivephase
Relativelyirreversible
Timelaginexpressionofsexualimprintingperiod

LearningProcesses
6.Imprinting
Motoricimprinting
formationofamemorytemplateneedstobeperfected

a.

Objectimprinting
i.
Parental(filial)imprinting
ii.
Sexualimprinting

b.

Motoricimprinting

c.

Habitatimprinting

LearningProcesses
6.Imprinting
Motoricimprintingsensitivephase

a.

Objectimprinting
i.
Parental(filial)imprinting
ii.
Sexualimprinting

b.

Motoricimprinting

c.

Habitatimprinting

Songsparrow

Whitecrownedsparrow

LearningProcesses
6.Imprinting
Crudetemplate(innate)

a.

Objectimprinting
i.
Parental(filial)imprinting
ii.
Sexualimprinting

b.

Motoricimprinting

c.

Habitatimprinting

Ownspeciessongheard
Templatematchedtosongheard
Templateisperfected
Testosterone

Finalsongisperfected

Songoutput
Hearownsong

Comparetotemplate

LearningProcesses
6.Imprinting
Crudetemplate(innate)
Ownspeciessongheard

a.

Objectimprinting
i.
Parental(filial)imprinting
ii.
Sexualimprinting

b.

Motoricimprinting

c.

Habitatimprinting

Memorizationphase

Templatematchedtosongheard
Templateisperfected
Testosterone

Finalsongisperfected

Songoutput
Hearownsong

Comparetotemplate

LearningProcesses
6.Imprinting
Crudetemplate(innate)
Ownspeciessongheard

a.

Objectimprinting
i.
Parental(filial)imprinting
ii.
Sexualimprinting

b.

Motoricimprinting

c.

Habitatimprinting

MemorizationPhase

Templatematchedtosongheard
Templateisperfected
Testosterone

Finalsongisperfected

Songoutput
Hearownsong

Comparetotemplate

MotorPhase

LearningProcesses
6.Imprinting
Habitatimprinting

a.

Objectimprinting
i.
Parental(filial)imprinting
ii.
Sexualimprinting

b.

Motoricimprinting

c.

Habitatimprinting

Migratingsalmon
learncharacteristicsof
natalstream

LearningProcesses
Othersystemsassociatedwithlearning
1)

Behavioural/culturaltradition
a.Acquiredwithinagroup
b.Transferredbetweengenerationbynongeneticmeans

Japanesemacaquewashingfood

Bluetitmouseopeningmilkbottle

LearningProcesses
Othersystemsassociatedwithlearning
2)Behavioural/culturaltradition
a.Acquiredwithinagroup
b.Transferredbetweengenerationbynongeneticmeans
Tooluse