GOVERNME

NT
AND
LAW

Government and Politics

GOVERNMENT
Is the means by which
state policy is enforced,
as well as the
mechanism for
determining the policy
of the state.
Is the working active
arm of the state which
provides social control
through its political
processes, the laws it

LAW
is a system of rules that
are enforced through
social institutions to
govern behavior.
Lawscan be made by a
collective legislature or
by a single legislator,
resulting in statutes, by
the executive through
decrees and regulations,
or by judges through
binding precedent,
normally in

THE
GOVERNMENT
Is the means by which
state policy is
enforced, as well as
the mechanism for
determining the
policy of the state.
Is the working active
arm of the state which
provides social control
through its political
processes, the laws it
establishes and

Forms of Government

Autocracy
Most directly opposed
to democracy. It
upholds that the
government should be
in the hands of one
individual who has
supreme power over the
people.
Forms of Autocracy
-

1.Primitive Kinship
2.Despotism
3.Tyranny
4.Absolute

OLIGARCHY
- Is a form of government in which the power or authority
resides in the few persons who govern for their own
interest.
- It is also referred to as elitism.

Democracy
- Is a form of government where there is rule by the people,
either directly or through representatives.
- It is generally referred to as a government of the people, by
the people, and for the people.

Sub-systems of Government:
1.Legalistic- which is wholly regulated by the
laws, such as in international, national or city
matters.
2.Quasi-legal- which is partly within the limits
of the law and partly a matter of personal
unofficial arrangements, as in the villages.
3.Extra-legal- which includes alliances of shady
business and underworld dealings, as in
predatory economic-political-crime-vice

The State and Political Systems

STATE
Is the structure that has a
legal authority or right to
make rules that are binding
over a given population within
a given territory.
A political unit that has
sovereignty over an area of
territory and the people within
it.
Formal structure of
government. It is the
institution whose functions are

POLITICS
Is the theory, art
and practice of
government, the
practice of
statecraft or of
governing of
country.
is the process of
making decisions
applying to all
members of each
group.

IDEOLOGY
A system of values, ideas, beliefs and attitudes that a society
or groups within it share and accept as fact.
A set of interrelated beliefs that provide a picture of the
world as a whole, that furnish the believer with an image of
the world both as it and as it should be.

POLITICAL IDEOLOGY
Is like a blueprint for the good society, with practical
instructions on how to attain and maintain it.

Different Political
Ideologies
War
Conquest
Colonization
Liberation
National
consciousness
The increased size
and changes of
population
Ethnic diversity
Regionalism
The rise of social
problem requiring

INSTITUTIONAL FUNCTION TO THE STATE

FROM THE FAMILY
- The state has taken
over the provision of
protection for home,
the formal education
of the youth, and the
maintenance of public
welfare programs for
the sick, crippled,
feebleminded and
insane, the
unemployed and
underplayed, the

 FROM THE ECONOMY

- The economy has
taken over the
resolution of labor
capital disputes, the
limitation or
regulation of
production,
distribution and
consumption of
economic resources,
goods, and services,
the control wages,
prices, taxes, and
savings, the operation

 FROM THE
CHURCH
- The state has
taken over the
regulation of the
conditions for
contracting and
dissolving
marriages, family
planning, the
moral or spiritual
training of the
youth, the
provision of relief
for the poor, the
disposal of the

State is vested with emergency powers

1.Regulation of manpower resources and the control and
allocation of labor during war and national disaster.
2.Mobilization of agriculture and industry, particularly the
apportioning of raw materials and other facilities.
3.Control of wages in collective bargaining contracts.
4.Curbing of prices to subvert disastrous inflations.
5.Formation of capital and the control of investments to be
made and profits to be realized.

The Struggle for Power:

Legitimacy and Authority
POLITICAL POWER
- Is a basic force on political process and in structuring
society.
- It is both compensation and a determinant in the
distribution of wealth and prestige in the stratification
system.
POWER
- The probability that one actor within a social relationship
will be in the position to carry out his own will despite
resistance.

The Foundation of Power

LEGITIMACY- points out that the state in any country has legitimacy
if and in so far as, its administrative staff successfully upholds a
claim to the monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force in the
enforcement of its order.
a. Voting
b. Political Counseling
c. patronage
d. molding of public opinion
AUTHORITY- legitimized and institutional power in a society is
authority.
a. Traditional Authority
b. Legal-rational Authority
c. Charismatic
INFLUENCE- refers to the total means that a person has on hand to

Power should be limited through:

Theory of checks and
balances- the establishment
of political sub-system
which are on equal level.
Political Pluralism- the
maintenance of the twoparty systems, the use of
the countervailing force of
different power blocs,
vested interest and
pressure groups.
Popular sovereignty- the
exercise of voting,

Theories on a supreme law

or the natural law.
Human Factorspsychological, social, and
cultural patterns prevalent
in a society at a given time.

Basis of Power in Philippines

Politics
1. Voting
2. Political Counseling- prior
to 1972 information
middlemen in cities
poblaciones were consulted
on political, legal, and
other technical matters by
voters.
3. Patronage- straight buying
and selling of votes had
operated with a network of
personalized reciprocity.

Marcos and the Matial Law Era

And
Post Marcos Politics

Coup detat,
Philippine Experiences

Reason of participants who openly

admitted volunteered in Coup detat
1. Failure of the government to deliver basic services, particularly
in the rural areas.
2. Graft and corruption.
3. Grandstanding of politicians, unfair criticism and humiliation of
people by politicians.
4. Bureaucratic inefficiency which exacerbates the alienation and
poverty of the people.
5. Poor unsupportive military leadership manifested by
factionalism tayo-tayo system and inadequate financial logistic
support for the soldier in the field.
6. Lack genuine reconciliations.
7. Unjust handling of human rights violations committed by the
military and the CPP/NPA.
8. Absence of good government.

Several Levels of Motivation

1. For the inner circle of the RAM splinter group of the RAM/HF and
its recruits.
2. For the Marcos-Ver loyalist forces (Loyalist)
3. For the high ranking military officials.
4. For some senior officers and many junior officers.
5. Misguided idealism or an expression of sympathy for valid cause.

Officers who fought for the government cited the

following causes of the coups
1. Obsession with power which they thought they had was but handed
over to Corazon Aquino in February, 1986.
2. A desire by coup leaders to regain privileges enjoyed during the
Marcos administration and the prospect of possible power of financial
gain in the process.
3. Personal grievances and perceived dead end in career path.
4. Strong fraternal ties, with origins dating back to PMA days.
5. Native Idealism, particularly in the part of younger officers.
6. A messianic complex.

Commission recommends on a long term basis to

avert such crisis
Love of Country as the highest
value- the system of public and
private education is in need of
legislative overhauling to assume the
responsibility in value formation and
molding of personality attuned to the
love of country as the highest value.
Social Justice- the inequalities of
wealth and power in the stratification
system also need to be addressed so
that the society in general is not
vulnerable to political manipulation.
Citizen Army- complete
implementation of the citizen army
concept, the rise of small modernized,

Constitution- to rest the

relevance of the constitution by
implementing its basic provisions,
specifically on the diffusion of
wealth and political power and on
economic progress with equity.
Choosing democracy- if the
people must choose democracy,
peaceful and orderly change, both
societal and political, necessitates
that all the contenders in the
political arena to agree to use the
ballot and forego the bullet to
pursue peace, social justice and
nationhood.

Thats All, Thank You!!

Group 4
Jhona Mae Ular
Mikaela Estrada
Vince Castro
Rio Reyes
Lea Martinez