GINGIVITIS GRAVIDARUM

What is gingivitis?
Gingivitis is an inflammation of the
gingiva are usually caused by the
accumulation of plaque. Clinically
gingivitis is often marked by a change
of color, change shape, and changes
in consistency (firmness), texture
changes, and bleeding of the
gums(Retroningrum, 2006).

 Periodontal disease that is often

found is gingivitis because of small
inflamation of periodontal tissues
which doesnt feel any pain and can
cause bleeding when brushing teeth
(Smeltzer &Bare, 2002).

 Many factors that cause gingivitis are

plaque, oral hygiene status, irregular
arrangement of teeth, dental caries,
the use of wire ordonti, the habit of
breathing through the mouth, and
smoking (Manson, 1993).

 The most frequent cause of gingivitis

is plaque build up which cause tartar
and it can happen becuase of the
unremoveable debris so the debris
will turn out into tartar.

 Fusobacterium fusiformis is bacteria

that are normally present in the
mouth, but if allowed to proliferate,
can cause gingivitis. Pregnant
women with gingivitis have a risk
factor for babies born with low birth
weight. (Richard, 2009).

 Good oral hygiene will decrease

plaque formation on the tooth and
keep away from periodontal disease
like gingivitis (Machfoedz, 2008).
Because good oral hygiene will keep
away from microbe plaque

 The connection between gingivitis

and pregnancy can increase the
degree of severity gingivitis.
(Mochtar, 1998).

 The main factor which can cause

gingivitis is an increase of hormone
estrogen and progesteron, so they
will increase the degree of severity
gingivitis. These hormons make the
gingiva to be more difficult against
the local factors such as plaque and
microbe

 In the first and third month of

pregnancy, gingivitis will increase.
Gingivitis will become worse in the
eight month and decrease in ninth
month, this happens because of the
main factor that is acumulation of
plaque

 Gingivitis during pregnancy can

cause the risk of low birth weight up
to 8,75 times for baby
(Retnoningrum, 2006).

Gingivitis Characteristic
Colours
Changes

The colour changes is sign of gingivitis

Nomal gingiva will have pink coal as its
colour

Inflammation on gingiva causes gingiva

turn out into red or bluish red
The colours changes of gingiva is
determined by many factors such as the
number and size of vessels, the thickness
of vessels and the pigment in the epitel

Consistency Changes
Cronic gingivitis, destructive changes
or edema, and reparative or fibrous
they are all happen in the same time
and determined by dominant
condition (Carranza, 2006).

Gingiva tissues changes

The surface of normal gingiva will be
like orange peel or it used to be called
stippling
Stippling is limited to attached gingiva
and founded in subpapila until papilla
interdental
Cronic gingiva has smooth surface
and shines or rigid, depend on the
changeness of fibrotik