Pengertian Kapasitor

Dua penghantar (plat) berdekatan yang diberi

muatan sama tetapi berlawanan jenis disebut
kapasitor.
Sifat menyimpan energi listrik / muatan listrik.
Kapasitas suatu kapasitor (C) ditentukan oleh
perbandingan antara besar muatan Q dari salah
satu penghantarnya dengan beda potensial V
antara kedua penghantar itu.

Kegunaan Kapasitor
Untuk menghindari terjadinya loncatan listrik pada
rangkaian2 yang mengandung kumparan bila tiba2
diputuskan arusnya.
Rangkaian yang dipakai untuk menghidupkan mesin
mobil
Untuk memilih panjang gelombang yang ditangkap
oleh pesawat penerima radio.
Bentuk kapasitor
Kapasitor bentuk keping sejajar
Kapasitor bentuk bola sepusat
Kapasitor bentuk silinder

Macam-Macam Kapasitor

Capacitor:
A Device to
Store Energy
in the Form of
an Electric
Field

Kapasitansi
Kapasitansi C adalah jumlah muatan yang
disimpan dibagi dengan tegangan

Q = CV
Satuan untuk kapasitansi
Coulomb / Volt = Farad
Nilai yang sangat besar!
kapasitor normal diukur dlm
micro- atau picofarads

Capacitance
the amount of charge
stored divided by
the voltage is the
capacitance C

+- - - - - - - - - - - -

++++++++

Q = CV
unit of capacitance
Coulomb / Volt = Farad

or
s icro
r
e! cito n m
g
hu apa ed i
is l c ur
s
i
a s
Th orm ea ds
n e m ra
ar ofa
c
pi

Kapasitor Pelat Paralel

Dua pelat paralel yang luas
luas A
jarak antar pelat d
kerapatan muatan sama ttp berbeda tanda

C = Q / V
= A / ( d / 0)

C = 0 A / d
Untuk menaikkan nilai kapasitansi
membesarkan luasan

memperkecil celah

Capacitance Depends on
Separation of the plates (d) [d in m]
1
C
d
Plate Area (A)

[A in m2]

CA
Dielectric Constant ()

[ in C2/N-m2]

Show Demo Model, calculate its capacitance , and show

how to charge it up with a battery.
Circular parallel plate capacitor
r

r = 10 cm

A = r2 = (.1)2
A = .03 m 2

S = 1 mm = .001 m

0A
S

C (10 11 )

.03 Coulomb
.001 Volt

Farad

C 3 10 10 F
C 300 pF

p = pico = 10-12

1. Consider two plates separated by d=1.5 cm , where the

electric field between them is 100 V/m, and the charge on
the plates is 30.0 C. What is the capacitance?

The Capacitance is:

2.0 10-5 F Or 20 microfarad.

2.

What is the capacitance of a capacitor if the charge is

0.075 C held at V = 400 V
C = Q/V =0.075 C/400 V
= 1.875 X 10-4 f = 187.5 F

Dielectrics K
Capacitors are usually constructed with an
insulating material between the plates
This helps prevent a breakdown or arcing
between the plates at higher voltages
The plates can be placed closer together
without danger of touching reducing d
The capacitance is increased by a factor K
(dielectric constant)
The formula for capacitance is now

A
C K 0
d

Permitivitas Dielektrik

= K 0

K adalah konstanta dielektrik

tergantung pada material dielektrik
umumnya nilai K = 1 sampai 10

Bila dielektrik sepenuhnya mengisi volume diantara pelat-pelat :

E berkurang oleh faktor K

E = / = / K 0

V berkurang oleh faktor K

V = d / K 0

C meningkat oleh faktor K

C = K 0 A / d

Material

Vacuum
Glass
Mica
Mylar
Paraffin Wax
Plexiglas
Polyethylene
Polyvinyl chloride
Porcelain
Teflon
Germanium
Rubber

1.00000
5-10
3-6
3.1
2.1 2.5
3.40
2.25
3.18
6.0 8.0
2.1
16
2.5 3.0

Water
Glycerin
Liquid ammonia(-78C)
Benzene
Air(1 atm)
Air(100 atm)

80.4
42.5
25
2.284
1.00059
1.0548

Question: The energy content of a charged capacitor

resides in its
(a) plates
(b) potential difference
(c) charge
Answer: d
(d) electric field
Question: The plates of a parallel-plate capacitor of
capacitance C are brought together to one-third their
original separation. The capacitance is now
(a) C/9
(b) C/3
(c) 3C
(d) 9C
Answer: c

Example

Two rectangular sheets of copper foil 16 X 20 cm are

separated by a thin layer of paraffin wax 0.2 mm
thick. Calculate the capacitance if the dielectric
constant for the wax is 2.4.

K o A
d
A ( 16 cm )( 20 cm ) 320 cm 2 0.032 m 2

d 0.2mm 2 X 10 4 m
( 8.854 X 10 12 C 2 / Nm 2 )( 2.4 )( 0.032 m 2 )
C
2 X 10 4 m
C 3.4 X 10 9 f 3400 pf

Energy Storage in
Capacitors
The energy stored in a capacitor is just
the work necessary to separate the
charges in the first place.
As you keep moving charges, you have
a greater force to overcome because
the potential keeps increasing
The total work is just the total charge
times the average voltage or W =
QV/2.

Energy Storage in Capacitors

Q

Total charge stored on capacitor

W = V0dq

V=q/C

W = (q / C) dq = Q / 2 C
2

1
Energy QV
2
Q CV

W CV 12 QV
1
2

1
2 1Q
Energy U CV
2
2 C

where is the energy located?

W = C V2/2 = C (E d)2/2
= (0 A / d) E2 d2 / 2
= (0 E2/2)(A d)
= (energy density)(volume)
2

0 E / 2

is the energy density

the energy is where the electric field is

between the plates
Misal kapasitor 1.2 F diberi muatan hingga berpotensial 3 kV, berapa energi
yang tersimpan didalamnya?

W 12 CV 2 12 QV

W = 5.4 Joule

Hubungan paralel kapasitor

Parallel:
V bernilai
sama
untuk ke dua
kapasitor.
Kapasitansi
tinggal di
jumlahkan.

Ceq = Qtotal/V
Ceq = Q1/V1 + Q2/V2
V1 = V2 = V
Ceq = C1 + C2

Hubungan Paralel Kapasitor

Q1 C1V ;

Q2 C2V ;

Q3 C3V ;

Q C pV ;

C p C1 C2 C3

Kapasitor yang dihubungkan paralel, tegangan antara

ujung2 kapasitor adalah sama, sebesar V.

Hubungan seri kapasitor

Seri : V tidak sama pada masing2

kapasitor. Tetapi Q sama (mengapa?)
1/ Ceq = V1/ Q1 + V2/ Q2
Q1 = Q 2 = Q
1/ Ceq = 1/ C1 + 1/ C2

Hubungan seri kapasitor

Q
Vab ;
C1

Q
Vbc
;
C2

Q
Vcd
;
C3

Q
Vad
Cs

1
1
1
1

C s C1 C2 C3
Kapasitor yang dihubungkan seri akan mempunyai
muatan yang sama.

Q Q1 Q2 Q3

Dua kapasitor dihubungkan seri yang dihubungkan dengan

sumber 1000 V. Tentukan:
a. C-subsitusi (gabungan)
b. Muatan masing-masing kapasitor
c. Beda potensial pada ujung masing-masing
kapasitor
d. Energi yang tersimpan dalam susunan kapasitor
Penyelesaian:
a.

1
1 1
1
1

C sub C1 C 2 3 pF 6 pF

C sub 2 pF

b.

q1 = q2 q = Csub.V = (2 x 10-12 F) (1000 V) = 2 nC

c.

q1
2 x10 9 C
V1

667 V
12
C1
3 x10 F
Energi dalam

d.

q2
2 x10 9 C
V2

333 V
C2
6 x10 12 F

1
1
q1V1
2 x10 9 C 667 V 6.7 x10 7 J
2
2
1
1
W2 q2V2
2 x10 9 C 333 V 3.3 x10 7 J
2
2
W1

Wsub 6.7 3.3 x 10 7 J 10 x10 -7 J

Heart Muscle Cells

The cell wall acts as a capacitor since charges are
separated on the interior and exterior surfaces. The
voltage is in the millivolt range.
Molecules in the cell wall are
polarized. The charge on the outside
of the wall is on the order of 10-8
Coulomb.
When the heart beats, the wall
depolarizes in a wave as shown in this
picture. Here the wave proceeds from
left to right. After depolarization is
complete, the cell wall repolarizes.
Thiscyclegivesrisetoanelectricalsignalthatcanbedetected
externallywithanEKG(elektrokardiogram) machine.

EKG Tracing

ThePwaveiscontractionoftheupperchambersoratria.The
QRSistheventricles.Thewaveproceedsfromlefttorightand
towardthefront,thendowntotheleftandtowardtherearofthe
heart.TheTwaveistherepolarizationofthemusclein
preparationforthenextbeat.Heartdefectsshowupasvariations
inthewavepattern.