Anatomy

Anatomy &
& Physiology
Physiology
Chapter
Chapter 22
Perry
Perry C.
C. Hanavan
Hanavan
Audiologist
Audiologist

Mnemonic Devices
Acronyms (form words)
Acrostics/Sentences (create sentences from first
letter)
Rhymes & Songs
Loci (rooms, routes)
Linking/Chaining
Chunking (breaking down into small parts)
Peg (key words)
Phonetic (sounds represent numbers to form
word pegs)

Anatomy & Physiology

Anatomy study of structure
Physiology study of function

Types of Anatomical Studies

Descriptive or Systemic Anatomy - the method of studying
the body by systems, such as auditory and respiratory
systems
Regional Anatomy - the study of the body by regions, such
as the thorax and abdomen
Applied or Clinical Anatomy - emphasizes structure and
function as they relate to diagnosis and treatment
Surface Anatomy - the visualization of structures that lie
beneath the skin. It is an essential part of the study of
regional anatomy and the primary means by which clinicians
use anatomical knowledge in treating patients
Developmental Anatomy the study of anatomy from
conception to adulthood
Comparative Anatomy study of anatomy across the
animal kingdom, animal models, etc.
Pathological Anatomy study of abnormal structures or
systems

Types of Physiological Studies

Electrophysiological
Evoked Potentials, EEG,

Respiratory

Related Fields in A & P

Cytology study of structure and function of
cells
Histology microscopic study of cells and
tissue
Osteology study of structure and function of
bones
Myology study of structure and function of
muscles
Arthrology study of structure and function of
joints
Angiology study of structure and function of
blood vessels and lymph system
Neurology study of nervous system

Organization of the Body

1. Organism
2. Organ systems
3. Organs
4. Tissue
5. Cell
6. Organelle
7. Chemical

I. Epithelial
A. Simple. Single
layer of cells

Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar
Ciliated

B. Compound.
Different layers of
cells

Stratified

II. Connective
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.

Areolar elastic
Adipose fat gobules
Blood corpuscles
Bone
Cartilage
Lymphoid tonsils, adenoid, lymph
White fibrous ligaments, fascia
Yellow elastic trachea, cartilage, lungs

III. Muscular
A. Striated skeletal,
voluntary
B. Smooth internal
organs, involuntary
C. Cardiac
combination of
striated and smooth,
involuntary

IV. Nervous
Neurons transfer of information
Glial cells nutrient transfer (glue)

Systems of Speech

Respiratory
Phonatory
Articulatory
Resonatory

laryngeal/voice
alter sounds
nasal and soft palate

Orientation Terminology

Left

Right

Superior

Inferior

Anterior

Posterior

Ventral

Dorsal

Proximal

Distal

Medial

Lateral

Superficial

Deep

Adduct

Abduct

Cranial

Caudal

Movement Terminology

Abduction
Flexion
Inversion
Dorsiflexion
Pronation
Lateral rotation
Protrusion
Elevation
Opposition
Circumduction

Adduction
Extension
Eversion
Plantarflexion
Supination
Medial rotation
Retrusion
Depression
Reposition

Body Planes
Sagittal plane - Divides the
body into right and left
halves.
Transverse (Horizontal)
plane - Divides the body into
superior and inferior halves.
Frontal (Coronal) plane Divides the body into anterior
or ventral and posterior or
dorsal halves.

Video
MPEG Video from head to foot