Present Simple.

Presentation made by Hctor Alvarado.

Present Simple.
Grammatical Rules (Reglas
gramaticales).
Para conjugar el presente simple usamos el infinitivo para los sujetos I,
you, we y they y para las terceras personas he, she y it,
aadimos un -s al final del verbo; a excepcin del verbo to be, have
(irregulares) y los verbos modales (can, must, etc.).
Personal
Be
Have
Do
Talk
Study
Can
Pronouns
I

am

have

do

talk

study

can

You

are

have

do

talk

study

can

He/She/It

is

has

does

talks

studies

can

We

are

have

do

talk

study

can

You

are

have

do

talk

study

can

They

are

have

do

talk

study

can

Structure (Estructura)
1. Affirmative Sentences (Frases afirmativas)
Sujeto + verbo + complemento. Ejemplos:
1.- I talk (Yo hablo).
2.- He eats soup. (l come sopa).
3.- They learn Italian (Ellos aprenden Italiano).
2. Negative Sentences (Frases negativas)
Sujeto + verbo auxiliar (do/does)+ auxiliar negativo (not) +
verbo + complemento. Ejemplos:
1.- I do not [dont] talk. (Yo no hablo.)
2.- He does not [doesnt] eat soup. (l no come sopa.)
3.- They do not [dont] learn Italian. (Ellos no aprenden Italiano.)
Nota: En frases negativas, el verbo auxiliar (to do) cambia y el
verbo principal va en el infinitivo.

 3. Interrogative Sentences (Frases interrogativas)

Verbo auxiliar (Do/Does) + sujeto + verbo principal +
complemento? Ejemplos:
1.- Do I talk? (Hablo yo?)
2.- Does he eat soup? (Come l sopa?)
3.- Do they learn Italian? (Aprenden ellos Italiano?)
4. Negative Interrogative Sentences (Frases interrogativas Negativas)
Verbo Auxiliar (Do/Does) + Auxiliar Negativo (not) + sujeto + verbo
principal + complemento? Ejemplos:
1.- Do not (Dont) I talk? (No hablo yo?)
2.- Does not (Doesnt) he eat soup? (No come l sopa?)
3.- Do not (Dont) they learn Italian? (No aprenden ellos Italian?)

USES (USOS).
1.- El presente simple se utiliza para hablar de cosas que suceden
habitualmente. Ejemplos:
I always talk to my mother on Sunday. (Yo siempre hablo con mi madre el
domingo.)
He never eats vegetables. (l nunca come las verduras.)
They usually learn something new in class. (Ellos normalmente aprenden
algo nuevo en la clase.)

2.- Se utiliza para hablar de generalidades o hechos cientficos.

Ejemplos:
Elephants live in Africa. (Los elefantes viven en frica.)
Bogota is in Colombia. (Bogot est en Colombia.)
Water boils at 100C (El agua hierve a 100 grados Celsius).

3.- Se usa para eventos programados en el futuro prximo. Ejemplos:

The party is tonight. (La fiesta es esta noche.)
Does the festival start tomorrow? (Empieza el festival maana?)
The train leaves at 10:00. (El tren sale a las 10h.)
4.- Se usa para instrucciones (el imperativo). Ejemplos:
Open the window. (Abre la ventana.)
Dont cry. (No llores.)
Eat the vegetables. (Come las verduras.)
TIME EXPRESSIONS (EXPRESIONES DE TIEMPO).
always (siempre), every day (cada da), usually (normalmente),
often (a menudo), sometimes (a veces), rarely (raramente), hardly
ever (casi nunca), never (nunca), on Saturday (el sbado), on Friday (el
viernes), every Friday (cada viernes), every day (cada da), in the
afternoon (en la tarde), at the weekend (el fin de semana), in winter (en
invierno), in summer (en verano), etc.

PAST SIMPLE.

Presentation made by Hctor Alvarado.

PASADO SIMPLE (PAST SIMPLE).

El pasado simple en ingls es equivalente al pretrito imperfecto y pretrito
indefinido del espaol. Usamos el pasado simple para acciones completas en
el pasado. En el pasado simple hay verbos regulares y verbos irregulares.
Grammatical Rules (Reglas gramaticales).
Para formar el pasado simple con verbos regulares, usamos el infinitivo y
aadimos la terminacin -ed. La forma es la misma para todas las
personas (I, you, he, she, it, we, they).
Personal
Be
Have
Go
Do
Talk
Study
Can
Want
Pronouns
I

was

had

went

did

talked

studied

could

wanted

You

were

had

went

did

talked

studied

could

wanted

He/She/It

was

had

went

did

talked

studied

could

wanted

We

were

had

went

did

talked

studied

could

wanted

You

were

had

went

did

talked

studied

could

wanted

They

were

had

went

did

talked

studied

could

wanted

Estructura (Structure).
1.- Affirmative Sentences (Frases afirmativas)
Sujeto + verbo principal en pasado + complemento. Ejemplos:
She was a doctor. (Ella era doctora.)
I wanted to dance. (Yo quera bailar.)
They bought a blue car. (Ellos compraron un coche azul.)
2.- Negative Sentences with the verb to be (Frases negativas con el
verbo to be).
Sujeto + to be en pasado + not + complemento. Ejemplos:
She wasnt a doctor. (Ella no era doctora.)
The keys werent in the drawer. (Las llaves no estaban en el cajn.)
Todos los dems verbos la estructura es:
Sujeto + verbo auxiliar en pasado (did) + not + verbo principal
(en infinitivo) + complemento. Ejemplos:
I didnt want to dance. (Yo no quera bailar.)
I didnt buy a blue car. (Yo no compr un coche azul.)

3.- Interrogative Sentences with the verb to be (Frases interrogativas

con el verbo to be).
To be en pasado+ sujeto + complemento? Ejemplos:
Was she a doctor? (Ella era doctora?)
Were the keys in the drawer? (Estaban las llaves en el cajn?)
Todos los dems verbos:
Verbo auxiliar (did) + sujeto + verbo principal (en infinitivo) +
complemento?
Did you want to dance? (Queras bailar?)
Did you buy a blue car? (Compraste un coche azul?)

USES (USOS).
1.- El pasado simple se utiliza para hablar de una accin concreta que
comenz y acab en el pasado. Ejemplos: Kate worked last
Saturday. (Kate trabaj el sbado pasado.)

2.- Se usa el pasado simple para una serie de acciones en el pasado.

Ejemplos: I received the good news and immediately called my
husband. (Recib la buena noticia y llam de inmediato a mi marido.)

3.- Tambin lo usamos para acciones repetidas o habituales en el

pasado, como se usa el pretrito imperfecto espaol. Ejemplo: We
always traveled to Cancun for vacation when we were young. (Siempre
viajbamos a Cancun durante las vacaciones cuando ramos jvenes.)

4.- Lo usamos para narraciones o acciones de perodos de largo

tiempo en el pasado, como el pretrito imperfecto espaol. Ejemplo:
I worked for many years in a museum. (Trabajaba en un museo durante
muchos aos.)
5.- Se utiliza para hablar de generalidades o hechos del pasado.
Ejemplo: The Aztec lived in Mexico. (Los aztecas vivan en Mxico)

TIME EXPRESSIONS (EXPRESIONES DE TIEMPO).

yesterday (ayer), two years ago (hace dos aos), last year (el ao
pasado), in July (en Julio), last month (mes pasado), when I was born
(cuando yo nac), one week ago (hace una semana),etc.

THANK YOU VERY MUCH.

ANY QUESTIONS?