KONSEP DASAR

KEBUTUHAN DASAR
MANUSIA

Asumsi Dasar

ICN (1973) : The unique function of the

nurse is to assist the individual, sick or
well, in the performance of those
activities contributing to health or its
recovery (or the peaceful death) that he
would perform unaided if he had the
necessary strength, will, or knowledge
ANA (1973) : Nursing practice is a direct
serviced, goal oriented, and adaptable to
the need of the individual, the family and
community during health and illness.

Nursing is adapted to the individual

needs of the patient. Because patient
has unique characteristics and
attributes, nursing must consider
these in meeting patients health need.
Canadian Nurses Association (1980) :
The nursing profession exist in
response to a need of society and
holds ideals related to mans health
throughout his life span ..

HUMAN BODY NEED

Basic Human need : those things

required by human beings in order to
maintain physiologic and psychologic
homeostasis
The following characteristics apply to
the basic need of people :
All person have the same basic need,
however, each person needs are
modified by the culture in which
individual life, perception and standart
of the life.

People meet their own needs relative to

their priorities
Although basic needs generally must be
med, some needs can be deferred
Failure to meet needs results in one or
more homeostasis imbalance, result in
illness
A need can be aroused by either
external or internal stimuli

DUNNS MODEL OF NEED

Halbert dunns (1858) present series

of need that have to be met for the
individual to achieve maximum
functioning or high level wellness.
SURVIVAL, COMMUNICATION,
FELLOWSHIP, GROWTH,
IMAGINATION, LOVE, BALANCE,
ENVIRONMENT, COMMUNICATION
WITH UNIVERSE, PHYLOSOPHY OF
LIVING, DIGNITY, FREEDOM, AND
SPACE

MASLOWS MODEL OF
NEED

Abraham Maslow (1970)

create Maslows five
categories :
-

Physiologic need
Safety and security needs
Love and belonging needs
Need for self-esteem
Need for self-actualization

KALISHS MODEL OF NEED

Self-Actualization
Esteem
Self-Esteem
Love
Belonging
Closeness
Safety
Security
Protection
Pain Avoidance
Sex Activity Exploration Manipulation
Rest Food Air Water Temperature Elimination Novelty

Category of Human Need

PHYSIOLOGIC NEED
STIMULATION NEED
PROTECTION NEED
LOVE AND BELONGING NEED
ESTEEM NEED
SPIRITUAL NEED
SELF-ACTUALIZATION NEED

Physiologic Need

Encompass the basic survival

requirements of human in order
to maintain biologic
homeostasis and life itself
Include : air (oxigen), water,
food, elimination, rest, pain
avoidance, temperature
regulation.

Stimulation Need

Stimulation need arise from

stimuli that rouse the mind or
spirit or incite a person to
activity or toward a goal.
Include : Need for activity,
need for exploration,
manipulation and novelty; and
need for sexual activity

Protection Need

Safety need are needs to

protect from physical harm
Security need can be
regarded into two contexts :
physiologic and interpersonal
relationship

Love and Belonging Need

Need for love and closeness

Need to belong

Esteem Need

Self-esteem is often referred

to as self-respect, selfapproval or self-worth
Need for esteem (recognition)
from others

Spiritual Need

Spiritual need are closely

allied to psychologic need.
They often provide strong
motivations for behavior, such
as willingness of some people
to fight to defend their
religious practice.
Include : Need to believe, Need
to hope