Rural and Urban

communities and their

characteristics

1.

PRIMITIVE CLASSLESS SOCIETY

CLASS DIFFERENTIATION &

STRUGGLE
3. CLASSLESS SOCIETY AT A HIGHER
LEVEL
2.

Society in transition

PRIMITIVE SOCIETY COMMUNAL

OWNERSHIP
DEVELOPED SOCIETY PRIVATE OWNERSHIP
IS PREDOMINANT
STAGES IN DEVELOPMENTLittle social differentiation, little inequality, ( community
resources owned in common)
Inequalities appear as wealth increases & ownership
escapes community control
Conscious attempts to diminish inequality and restore
community control of key resources
Unequal distribution of wealth is the cause of conflict

 Spatial growth does not take place on its

own. It happens by the growth of the

population in the city . Increase in urban
population is mainly due to immigrants as
there is an assured income provided by
the administrative industrial and other
opportunities for employment

 Trade and commerce serve

two types of

functions :
To supply the requirements of the local
population
The Cater to the needs of the hinterland
These functions lead to the growth of the
city

Rural and Urban communities and

their characteristics

The urban world differs from the rural world by

the following Characteristics :
Occupation
Environment
Size of community
Density of population Here was
Heterogeneity
Social differentiation and stratification
Mobility
Systems Of interactions

Cultural values in rural and urban areas

Cities activism / challenge , carrier oriented action, individualism /

self , exposure to media opens up the rest of the world

Rural areas - fatalism / acceptance , Home centered action ,

particularism/ family , few contacts with the outside

Influence of urbanization on society

The change in social life The relationship between caste and profession,
with people adopting new professions according to interest and profit
Changes in family organization In the rural context, families are well
organized; the elders exercise significant controlled on the conduct lifestyle
and marital Options of the younger Members in the joint family set up. In the
urban context the system off giant family is showing the sting signs off
disintegration. Youngsters treat elders as conservative and Dole not
tolerate Control.
Traditional occupations like blacksmithy, Goldsmithy, pottery, weaving are
Now defunct
Influence of media : newspapers, tv, and internet
Changes in lifestyle Food habits , dress , recreation.
The social stratification- four major differences between rural and urban
social pyramids-Number of classes less in rural society ; extremists of the
pyramid are not so far apart.; rural society comprices mainly middle
classes, the city is the home of millionaires and paupers. Social mobility is
more.
occupational mobility is more
rural society Based on solidarity due to similarity , informal non contractual
relationships. Urban society Has Low Solidarity based on differences and
dis similarities that arise from division of labor and work specialization,
greater anonymity.

Social consequences of industrialization

Industrialization Split the society into two major
groups- The workers and the capitalists
general Standards of living improved from
social and economic points of view. More He
interest in education arts and his science
Political Awakening- Society democratized
growth of Capitalism increased Production
Growth In trade economic crises un
employment Class conflict Decline of rural
industry.

Urban ecology
A city is a multi functional settlement A result Of social forces
And processes
Ecological processesConcentration people and functions congregate for advantage
Centralization- Concentration of similar functions for example
wholesale , industry , etc.
Decentralization & Segregation isolation of specific functions
Invasion Expansion of particular functions into neighboring areas
Succession The establishment of the function That has
encroached upon the neighboring zone permanently-Growth of the
zone in transition .

Characteristics of the City :

absence of community feeling

The increase in crime
no spirit of tolerance
lack of social security
Gross disparities
Break down off cultural Barriers
Impersonal social relations
Dynamic life
Stimulating atmosphere

Characteristics of the City:

Decline in
Feeling of society
Social control
Family control
Influence of religion
Institution of manage
Change in gender equations
Shortage of housing
Growth of slums