GPU

Presentation Prepared by
SAATWIK KUMAR
1101219423
ETC, ET-2
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Presentation Overview

What is GPU?
When was GPU discovered?
High Performance Computing
Current Top Ten List
GPU ARCHITECTURE
What is GPU Pipeline?
Where Is GPU Data Stored?
Applications

What is GPU ?

A Graphics Processing Unit or GPU (also

occasionally called Visual Processing
Unit or VPU) is a dedicated processor
efficient at manipulating and displaying
computer graphics .
Like the CPU (Central Processing Unit), it
is a single-chip processor.

A graphics processing unit or GPU is a specialized

microprocessor that discharge and accelerates 3D or
2D graphics. It is used in embedded systems, mobile
phones, personal computers, workstations, and game
consoles.
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When was GPU discovered?

Virtually All Current Videos Cards are built with either
- sourced or
- sourced.
GPU was defined and popularized by
In 1999, Nvidia marketed the GeForce 256 as "the
world's first 'GPU', or Graphics Processing Unit, a
single-chip processor with integrated transform,
lighting, triangle setup/clipping, and delivering engines
that is capable of processing a minimum of 10 million
polygons per second."
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Historically, Video cards developed from

the need to display Graphics with growing
higher resolutions and color depths on
IBM PC Compatible Computers.
Standards such as CGA, MDA
(monochrome display adapter), HGC etc
were introduced from1982 to 1990 and
supported by a variety of Hardware
Maunfactures.
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Current Top Ten List

#1 GeForce GTX 580
#2 GeForce GTX 480
#3 Quadro 6000
#4 GeForce GTX 570
#5 GeForce GTX 470
#6 Radeon HD 6870
#7 Radeon HD 6850
#8 Radeon HD 5870
#9 WinFast GTX 460
#10 Radeon HD 5970

The GPU pipeline

The GPU receives geometry
information from the CPU as an input
and provides a picture as an output
Lets see how that happens

host
interface

29/10/2104

vertex
processing

triangle
setup

pixel
processing

memory
interface

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Host Interface
The host interface is the communication
bridge between the CPU and the GPU.
It receives commands from the CPU and
also
pulls geometry information from
system memory.
It outputs a stream of vertices in object
space with all their associated information
(texture coordinates, per vertex color etc) .
host
interface

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vertex
processing

triangle
setup

pixel
processing

memory
interface

Vertex Processing
The vertex processing stage receives
vertices from the host interface in object
space and outputs them in screen space
This may be a simple linear
transformation, or a complex operation
involving morphing effects
No new vertices are created in this stage,
and no vertices are discarded
(input/output has 1:1 mapping)
host
interface

vertex
processing

triangle
setup

pixel
processing

memory
interface

Triangle setup
In this stage geometry information
becomes raster information (screen space
geometry is the input, pixels are the
output)
Prior to rasterization, triangles that are
back facing or are located outside the
viewing
are rejected
host
interface

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vertex
processing

triangle
setup

pixel
processing

memory
interface

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Triangle Setup (cont..)

A pixel is generated if and only if its center is
inside the triangle
Every pixel generated has its attributes
computed to be the perspective correct
interpolation of the three vertices that make
up the triangle

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Pixel Processing
Each pixel provided by triangle setup is fed
into pixel processing as a set of attributes
which are used to compute the final color
for this pixel
The computations taking place here
include texture mapping and math
operations
host
interface

vertex
processing

triangle
setup

pixel
processing

memory
interface

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Memory Interface
Pixel colors provided by the previous stage
are written to the frame buffer
Used to be the biggest bottleneck before
pixel processing took over
Before the final write occurs, some pixels
are rejected by the z buffer .On modern
GPUs z is compressed to reduce frame
buffer bandwidth (but not size).
host
interface

vertex
processing

triangle
setup

pixel
processing

memory
interface

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Where is GPU Data Stored?

Vertex buffer
Frame buffer
Texture
Texture

Vertex Buffer

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Vertex
Processor

Rasterizer

Fragment
Processor

Frame
Buffer(s)
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Some applications..
Computer generated holography
using a graphics processing unit
Improve the performance of CAD
tools.
Computer graphics in games

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THANK
YOU
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