PETER ABRAHAM

CENTRAL MAINTENANCE GROUP, JAMNAGAR

TWIN SCREW

TRIPLE SCREW

PLUNGER-DIAPHRAGM METERING PUMP

SPECIFIC SPEED VARIATIONS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OF PUMPS

D1

Casing types

Impeller types

DOUBLE VOLUTE ADVANTAGES

CONSTRUCTIONAL FEATURES OF PUMP

BACKPULL OUT DESIGN OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

MULTI-STAGE CARTRIDGE TYPE PUMP

NET POSITIVE SUCTION HEAD - NPSH

THE AMOUNT OF ENERGY IN THE LIQUID AT THE
PUMP CENTRE LINE
NPSH AVAILABLE SYSTEM CHARACTERISTIC
PUSH FLUID TO PUMP
PRESSURE OVER THE FLUID
STATIC HEAD OF FLUID ABOVE PUMP
CENTRELINE
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
VELOCITY HEAD

PUSH FLUID BACK

FRICTION LOSS IN PIPING
SYSTEM
VAPOUR PRESSURE OF
LIQUID

NET POSITIVE SUCTION HEAD - NPSH

NPSH REQUIRED PUMP CHARACTERISTIC
ENERGY REQUIRED TO OVERCOME FRICTIONAL
LOSSES FROM PUMP SUCTION TO IMPELLER VANES
DETERMINED BY NPSH TEST
VARIES WITH PUMP DESIGN, SIZE
VARIES WITH OPERATING FLOW
NPSH A EQUAL TO OR GREATER THAN NPSH R
STRAINER BLOCKING

PRESSURE DROP IN PUMP

Performance curve of centrifugal pump

Pump curve

BHP
Efficiency
Total Head

Efficiency

BHP

System curve

Capacity

Operating point

EFFECT OF RPM IN PUMP

COST DECREASE WITH SPEED

ABRASION & WEAR INCREASE WITH SPEED

NPSH R INCREASES WITH SPEED

PUMP INSTALLATION
PRE-INSTALLATION CHECKS
Condition of pump set-free rotation, pump internals (if
dismantled) etc
Cleaning of system piping
Piping supports
Handling facility
Foundation/base plates (cleanliness of mounting pads)
Auxiliary piping, drainage
Suction piping minimum 5D straight run
Eccentric reducer in suction piping

PUMP INSTALLATION
DURING INSTALLATION CHECKS
Pipe flanges (alignment with pipe flanges)
Coupling and alignment (cold/hot)
Auxiliary piping connections
Hydrostatic pressure test
Operation of valves
Electrical connections

PUMP COMMISIONING
COMMISSIONING CHECKS
Suction/discharge pressure (others if applicable)
Set duty point
Voltage, current, speed
Temp-bearing housing, pump body, motor body,
seal gland. seal pot
Vibration, sound level
Ensure safety operation
Corrective actions, if required.

API 610 SALIENT FEATURES

Three years of uninterrupted operation and
minimum service life of 20 years
Pump shall be capable of 5% head increase at
rated condition by impeller change or different
hydraulic design
Pumps should have a stable head-capacity curve.
If parallel operation is considered, head rise shall
be at least 10% of head at rated capacity.
The preferred operating range is 70-120% of the
best efficiency capacity of the furnished impeller.

API 610 SALIENT FEATURES

Pumps having radial split casing handling
flammable and hazardous liquid with any of
the following conditions
operating temp>200 deg C
Specific gravity <0.7
Rated discharge pressure>1450 psi

API 610 SALIENT FEATURES

Vibration levels during performance tests should be within
the following overall limits for overhung and between
bearing pumps
3.0mm/s RMS (measured on bearing housing) when
operated in the preferred range. Permissible increase in the
level not more than 30% when operated beyond the
preferred operating region within the allowable operating
region
Shaft measurement (for hydrodynamic bearings)<50
microns peak to peak when operated in the preferred range.
Permissible increase in the level not more than 30% when
operated beyond operating range within the allowable
operating region

API 610 SALIENT FEATURES

5.0mm/s RMS (measured on bearing housing) when
operated in the preferred range. Permissible increase in
the level not more than 30% when operated beyond the
preferred operating region within the allowable
operating region
Shaft measurement (for hydrodynamic bearings)<100
microns peak to peak when operated in the preferred
range. Permissible increase in the level not more than
30% when operated beyond operating range within the
allowable operating region

API 610 SALIENT FEATURES

Impellers, balancing drums and similar rotating components
shall be dynamically balanced to grade G1.0 of ISO 1940 or 7
g-mm whichever is greater.
Rolling element bearings permitted if N*dm<500,000 where
N=rpm and dm=mean bearing diameter in mm
Minimum rolling bearing life of 25,000 hr with continuous
operation at rated conditions and atleast 16,000 hr at max
radial and axial loads at rated speed (based on L10 as per ISO
281)
Hydrodynamic radial and thrust bearings are required if pump
rated power kW*rated speed rpm>4.0 million
Ball thrust brg shall be duplex singlerow 40 deg angular
contact type (7000series).

API 610 SALIENT FEATURES

Recommendation on the location of dimples and threaded
connections for vibration measurement to ensure visit to
the same location on every vibration survey.
Provision for oil mist lubrication
Name plate ratings of motors shall satisfy the following
guidelines
When motor nameplate rating<22 kW, It shall be at
least 125% of rated pump power
When motor nameplate rating is between 22-55 kW, it
shall be at least 115% of rated pump power
When motor nameplate rating is above 55 kW, it shall
be at least 110% of rated pump power

API 610 SALIENT FEATURES

For reduction of pressure on stuffing box/axial thrust

balancing only balance holes with back wear rings are
preferred.
Impellers should be single piece with solid hub and keyed
to the shaft. It should be secured to shaft by cap nut and
positive mech locking.
Renewable wear ring on casing and impellers. Mating ring
surfaces should have hardness difference of 50 BHN
Minimum wear-ring clearances for different dia slab
specified in standard

API 610 SALIENT FEATURES

Jacketed stuffing box for T>149 deg C.
For bearing housings labyrinth type end seals allowed. Lip
seals are not allowed
For flexible type couplings with spacers, coupling locating
diameter and alignment reference dia to be concentric
within 12.7 microns per 25mm dia
Base plates with drain pan should extend under pump and
driver
Base plates should withstand external forces and moments
to keep shaft deflection within limits.Its overall
dimensions are specified.

SEAL SELECTION
If Vp <1 bara
Single seals may be used together with auxiliary device as
indicated in table.If handling dirty fluid a clean flush
should be provided or back to-back pressurized seal is
used.
If Vp > 1 bara
Single seal with a drying running back or un-pressurized tandem
seals may be used.
If Vp >1 bara and the fluid hazard > 8 Pressurised back to back
seals to be used

Auxilairy sealing device

Max. Value of
individual rating

Summation of H,F,R

Throttle bush

Lip seal / floating

Carbon ring

Dry running back

seal

H= Health, F= Flammability, R= Reactivity rating based on NFPA

325 and 704

Tandem seal with back-up dry running or hydrodynamic seal

on volatile or toxic liquid services where:
a.The summation of health, flammability and reactivity ratings
of the pumped liquid is <= 8.0 or
b.Vp of the pumped liquid is > 1 bara but < 5 bara
Double mechanical seals tandem or back-to-back for specific
services as follows.
High temperature service
Dirty service
Light hydrocarbon service (C4 and lighter)
Environmentally hazardous or toxic service (1% weight or more
benzene or C6 to C9 aromatics and services where the
summation of H,F and R ratings > 8.0)
Vp exceesing 5.0 bara
Bellow seals shall be selected for higher than 200 C

FLUSHING
Removes heat generated between the rubbing faces.
Provides lubrication.
Increases margin between vapor pressure and stuffing
box pressure.
Keeps liquid inside stuffing box in constant circulation.
Incase of external fluid flushing:Flushing does not
allow abrasives to reach seal faces.

QUENCHING

Keeps atmosphere away.

Toxic fluids.
Crystallizing products.
Cryogenic applications.
High freezing point fluids.
High temperature fluids which decompose in contact with
atmosphere.
Fluid having tendency to become viscous in contact with
atmosphere.
Additional advantages:
Keeps area outside seals clean.
Provides heating/ cleaning to seal face.

API PLAN-11

API PLAN-13

API PLAN-21

API PLAN-23

Questions,
if any ?????