PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT

WITH GGBS IN SELF COMPACTING

CONCRETE
B.Yugandhar
Under the guidance of
Mrs. M. Sri Lakshmi
Asst. Professor-civil engineering

PROPOSED WORK
To replace cement partially with ground
granulated blast furnace slag.
To study the properties of self compacting
concrete.
To develop mix design for self compacting
concrete
To study standards proposed by EFNARC
To study the possibilities of replacement of
cement with GGBS in self compacting
concrete.

ABSTRACT

To make concrete structures durable, sufficient

compaction is required. In heavy reinforcements
vibration of concrete becomes extremely difficult. The
self-compacting concrete will meet the above difficulties.
Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) as the name implies,
ought to have the capacity to compact itself with no
extra vibration or compaction i.e. without use of some
other outside vitality.
GGBS, is a non-metallic powder having chemical
composition of silicates and aluminates of calcium and
other bases, which is nearer to that of cement. The
quality of slag is governed by IS: 12089-1987.
GGBS, with its pozzolonic activity will come in handy
with its properties for our requirement which is being
replaced to cement partially.

OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH WORK

Main objective of the work is to develop
standard mix design following EFNARC
standards
To obtain flow ability, passing ability, stability
and strength of self compacting concrete by
varying quantity of materials and water in
fresh concrete.
To study the properties of hardened self
compacting concrete with partial replacement
of cement with GGBS at different percentages
of replacement at different period of time.

PARAMETERS TO BE STUDIED
Segregation resistance of self compacting
concrete.
Flow ability, passing ability, stability of self
compacting concrete.
Strength development of self compacting
concrete over a period of 90 days i.e. at 7,
28 and 90days.
Influence of GGBS on strength
development at various percentages of
replacements.

LITERATURE REVIEW 1
Title of Paper, Name of Design of self compacting concrete with
Journal, Year of
ground granulated blast furnace slag,
Publication
science direct, 2012

Definition of problem

There is no specific method for obtaining SCC

based on strength requirements like
conventional vibrated concrete.

Objective

To make an effort towards presenting a new mix

design methodology for the design self
compacting GGBS concrete based on efficiency
concept.

Parameters studied

Slag activity index

Earlier mix design methods followed.

LITERATURE REVIEW 1 (Cont..)

Title of Paper, Name
of Journal, Year of
Publication

Design of self compacting concrete with

ground granulated blast furnace slag,
science direct, 2012

Results and
discussion for major
parameter studied

The method developed for mix design includes

five steps. Where the properties of fresh
concrete are evaluated through slump flow and
V-funnel tests for flow ability, L-box test for
passing ability.

Major Conclusion

The compressive strengths of concrete obtained

by using the developed method of mix design,
surpass very high strengths of the 90Mpa at
28days and 100Mpa at 90days.

Critical review (any

gap identified in this
paper)

Design of self compacting concrete with GGBS

for lower grades of M30, M40 etccan be further
studied.

LITERATURE REVIEW 2
Title of Paper, Name
of Journal, Year of
Publication

A simple mix design method for selfcompacting concrete, Research Gate,

2001

Definition of problem

To ease the method of mix design for self

compacting concrete .

Objective

To develop simple method of mix design

when compared with the method developed
by Japanese Ready Mixed Concrete
Association.

Parameters studied

Packing factor of aggregates.

Flow ability and segregation resistance in
accordance with EFNARC standards.

LITERATURE REVIEW 2 (Cont..)

Title of Paper, Name
of Journal, Year of
Publication

A simple mix design method for selfcompacting concrete, Research Gate, 2001

Results and
discussion for major
parameter studied

The results obtained by newly developed

method are
Volume of sand to mortar is in the range of
54%-60%.
Packing factor should be in the range of 1.121.16

Major Conclusion

Self compacting concrete designed and

produced with proposed mix design contains
more sand but less coarse aggregates, thus the
passing ability through gaps of reinforcement
can be enhanced.

Critical review (any

gap identified in this
paper)

Mix design of SCC for replacement of cement

with GGBS by using Nan Su method can be
further studied

LITERATURE REVIEW 3
Title of Paper, Name
of Journal, Year of
Publication

Development of self compacting concrete

with various mineral admixtures, American
Journal of Civil Engineering, 2014

Definition of
problem

To address disposal problems and other

environmental pollution issues of factory
byproducts.

Objective

To produce self compacting concrete of M25

grade by using modified Nan Su method
incorporating five mineral admixtures including
GGBS.

Parameters studied

Consistency and specific gravity of cement and

GGBS.
Compressive strength, flexural strength and split
tensile strength of hardened concrete.

LITERATURE REVIEW 3 (Cont..)

Title of Paper, Name
of Journal, Year of
Publication
Results and
discussion for major
parameter studied

Major Conclusion

Development of self compacting concrete with various

mineral admixtures, American Journal of Civil
Engineering, 2014

The higher strength of self compacting

concrete obtained is due to higher pozzolonic
activity of mineral admixture.
Self compacting concrete mix containing
replacement of has more strength as
compared to the mixes containing other
powders.

Critical review (any

Self compacting concrete of M30, M40 and
gap identified in this M60 can be furthur evaluated using this
paper)
method of mix design.

LITERATURE REVIEW 4
Influence of Mixture Composition and Type
of
Title of Paper, Name of Cementitious Materials on Enhancing the
Journal, Year of
Fresh Properties
Publication
and Stability of Self-Consolidating
Rubberized Concrete, American society of
civil engineers, 2016

Definition of problem

Properties of self consolidated rubberized

concrete which are only improved by increase
in Crumb Rubber content above 20% as a
replacement of sand.
The poor strength is of the interfacial
transition zone (ITZ) between the rubber
particles and the surrounding mortar

Objective

To maximize the percentage of used crumb

rubber (CR) in SCRC while minimizing the
reduction in strength and stability of the
developed mixtures.

Parameters studied

CR percentage (050% by volume of sand)

Supplementary cementing material (SCM)
( ground granulated blast-furnace slag, and

LITERATURE REVIEW 4 (Cont..)

Title of Paper, Name
of Journal, Year of
Publication

Influence of Mixture Composition and Type of

Cementitious Materials on Enhancing the Fresh
Properties and Stability of Self-Consolidating Rubberized
Concrete, American society of civil engineers, 2016

Results and
discussion for major
parameter studied

SCRC has a great advantage in reducing the

self-weight of a concrete structure and therefore
is recommended in developing lightweight or
semi lightweight concrete mixtures.
The mixtures with 550 kg=m3 binder content
had acceptable strength, fresh properties, and
stability with up to 20% CR replacement.

Major Conclusion

Usage of air entrainment in SCRC with MK and

GGBS further improved the fresh properties of
these mixtures and allowed up to 40% CR to be
used with acceptable
compressive strength and with no sign of
segregation.

Critical review (any

gap identified in this
paper)

At a particular percentage of GGBS usage the %

of Crumb Rubber can be identified with further
studies.

LITERATURE REVIEW 5
Behaviour of fatigue loaded selfTitle of Paper, Name of compacting concrete compared to
Journal, Year of
vibrated concrete, structural concrete
Publication
journal, 2014

Definition of problem

To know the fatigue behavior of beams casted

with self compacting concrete

Objective

To compare the beams made of self compacting

concrete and vibrated concrete in accordance
with deflection, strain and crack width.

Parameters studied

Deflection, strain and crack width under fatigue

loading

LITERATURE REVIEW 5 (Cont..)

Title of Paper, Name
of Journal, Year of
Publication

Behavior of fatigue loaded self-compacting

concrete compared to vibrated concrete,
structural concrete journal, 2014

Results and
discussion for major
parameter studied

The vertical displacement and strain data

obtained from fatigue tests yielded conflicting
results and indicate that no clear difference
between two concrete types.

Major Conclusion

In both static and fatigue tests SCC generates,

on average , a large number of cracks than VC,
but the difference is more visible in static tests.
There crack widths are smaller, as well.

Critical review (any

gap identified in this
paper)

Behavior of fatigue loaded self compacting

concrete with partial replacement of cement
with GGBS

CRITICAL REVIEW
No proper design method is developed over
the years that comply with Indian standards.
Lack of dedicated code provisions and
standardized tests for testing the SCC.
Less research has been done till now on
varying percentages of GGBS in SCC.
GGBS is better choice than other mineral
admixtures in terms of pozzolonic activity.
Partial replacements of cement with GGBS
have higher scope in near future especially in
high strength concretes.

METHODOLOGY

Basic tests on cement and aggregates

Mix design for Self compacting concrete
Trail mixes for the mix designs calculated
Testing fresh concrete in accordance with
EFNARC standard tests.
Adjustment of mix proportions to comply with
EFNARC standards.
Casting of SSC cubes with modified mix design.
Testing of SCC cubes to obtain properties.

RESOURCES REQUIRED
Ground Granulated Blast furnace slag
Cement, fine aggregates and coarse
aggregates.
Metakaolin
Viscosity modifying agent
Water reducers

POSSIBLE OUTCOMES
Design mix complying with EFNARC
standards.
Slow strength gaining of SCC with
GGBS at early stages.
Expected strengths of self
compacting concrete when cement
is partially replaced with GGBS.
Increase in strengths of SCC with
GGBS at particular percentage of
replacements.

Time schedule
Type of work

Duration of work

schedule

Literature review

Two months

Mid-July To MidSeptember

Mix design
calculations

1-2 weeks

Mid-September To end
of September

Trail mixes and fresh

concrete tests

One month

October

Casting of cubes

Two months

November-December

Testing of cubes

Three months

December-Mid-March

Analysis of results

One week

End of March

Final review and

Publication of paper in
journal

One-Two months

April -May

CONCLUSIONS
Strength of Self compacting concrete with
partial replacement of cement with GGBS
at 7, 28 and 90 days will increase at a
notable rate.
Rate of strength gaining of SCC with
GGBS at different replacement levels.
Suitability of mix design method, that can
be used, for different grades of concrete.
Effect of GGBS and Metakaolin on
propeties of cement can be concluded.

REFERENCES
http://www.sciencedirect.com/
https://www.researchgate.net/
https://www.knimbus.com/user/show
MainPage.do