Capsules

zulfiayu
UNG S1 april 2012

History
Soft gelatin capsules Mothes, French, 1833
Hard gelatin capsules Murdock, 1848
The gelatin from collagenous material by
hydrolysis.
Type A : pork skin by acid processing
Type B : bones n animal skins by alkaline
processing.
Blends are used to obtain gelatin solution with
viscosity and bloom strength characteristics
desirable

 The major component of the capsule

shell is gelatin,although other
polymers have been investigated as
capsules (e.g. starch,
hydroxypropylmethylcellulose).

 Solid dosage forms in which the drug

is enclosed in either a hard or a soft,
soluble container or shell of a
suitable form of gelatine
Capsules are solid-dosage forms that
are most commonly composed of
gelatin and are designed to contain
a drug-containing formulation.

component

Medicine liquid/semisolid/solid
Hard/soft capsules

Advantages
Tasteless, easily administrated
Elegance, Acceptable
Easily filled either extemporaneously
or in large quantities commercially
Medication can be selected n amounts
varied by the physician to the patients
need provide accurate dosage of
medicine
Rapid release of its content
Better absorption than tablets,
ex:phenoxymethyl penicillin
Oral, rectal, vaginal, inhaler

Disadvantage
Unsuitable for very soluble compounds
Sensitives of humidity (brittle in very low
humidity, soft n adhesive or liquefied in a
high humidity )
Not for baby n pediatry
Not for px that cannot swallowed
Poorer absorption, ex : aspirin
In contact with the stomach wall, the
concentrated solution may cause localized
irritation and gastric distress

Administration
Placed on the tongue and swalled
with a drink of water. The capsules
may be dipped in water just before
placing on the tongue if desired
The contents of the capsule be
dissolved in water or a medicated
liquid.

Type of Capsules

Soft gelatin

Hard gelatin

These differ in both their mechanical

properties

Hard capsules/capsulae
durae

Dry Filled Capsule (DFC)

Consisting of 2 pieces, the top and the
body
Made from mixture of gelatin, sugar, n
water, with or without coloring agents.
Sulfur dioxide (preservative)
Powders, granuls, tablets, semisolids and
nonaqueous liquids/gels may be filled
into hard capsules, with powders being
the most common formulation option.

Hard Gelatin Capsule

Consist of :
gelatin
sugar
preservative, ex :sulfur dioxide
0,15%
FDC colorans
opacifying agent, ex : titanium oxide
water 12-16%

Relative sizes of hard gelatin

capsules

000
3
4

00
5

Filling Methode
POWDERS
A. Hands Filling Methode
1. The Blocking Methode
Placing each block of dividing powders pull
apart the two halves of the capsules
2. The punching methode
Placing the compounded powder on paper and
arranging it in a uniform pile of the depth of
about one-third of the length of the capsules,
and then repeatedly pressing the open end of
the body the capsule downward into the
powder with a rotatory motion until it is filled,
tha cap is then applied to close the capsules

Finishing Capsules
Cleansing
Cleaned to remove adhering
powder n fingerprints n to restore
the shiny appearance of the
original surface placing all of the
capsules on a clean towel or
cleaning tissue n rubbing gently

Soft capsules/capsulae
molles
The popularity of soft gelatin capsules has
increased in recent years due to the ability to
formulate liquid-based formulations that
provide a greater Cmax than tablet
formulations. This has particular applications
in the treatment of acute conditions, e.g. pain.
A wide range of shapes of soft gelatin capsule
is available, including round, oval, oblong,
tubular and various other miscellaneous
shapes.

Soft capsules/capsulae
molles
The Soft Elastic Capsule (SEC) : a soft,
globular, gelatin shell somewhat thicker
than that of hard gelatin capsules
Spherical or ovoid other in form,of gelatin
rendered more plastic by a greater
content of glycerin or other plasticizer.
The manufacture requires special
equipment industry
By enclosing the medication between two
elastic sheets of soft gelatin by aplication
of great pressure

 usually filled with non-aqueous liquids

containing the therapeutic agent either
dispersed or dissolved within this
carrier.
The various components of the soft
gelatin
capsule shell are as follows: (1) gelatin;
(2) plasticising agents; (3) water; and
(4) miscellaneous excipients.

Storing
It is best to store capsules in a cool
place of moderate humidity, as they
tend to lose water and become
brittle if kept to long in warm, dry
place.
Excess moisture tends to soften
gelatin so that the separation of the
cap from the body of the capsule.

If u feel ure beaten,

ure

si h
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Terim