@) ) (30) BUMI SEBAGAI BULATAN EARTH AS A SPHERE Longitudes [ x°T or y°B] — U-Utara S-Selatan T-Timur B-Barat u Bulatan besar ui puss Greenwich Meri meridian > (Longitude 0°) (separuh bulatan fr] besar) Nee Sr] soe LAS so S s Latitudes [ x°U or y°S J ieee hu cree Latinas tein Ls a Khatulistiwa ie. pee Latinude selari Gatitude 0°) YcES 3 3088© @ PERBEZAAN ANTARA DUA LOGITUDE ATAUPUN LATITUDE, Difference between longitudes or latitudes Bera dua longitudes, 8 Beza dvalatinudes, @ + sama arah=> 6=cari perbezaan + sama arah => 6=caii perbezan Conteh = 20, 0E = 6=50-20=30 30°, 120°W = 6=120-30-90 30%, 120° => 6=120-30=90 + rah berainan => ©=cai jumiah + arah beriainan => @= cat jumiah Conteh = Conteh 10%, 70°W = 0=10+70=80 10%, 7S > 0=10+70=80 + ifthe sum of wo angles of onginded > 180, = 6= 360 ~ (the sam) Example = 120, S0°W = 6 =360-(120+80) 60 ergs \élongitude, tatitade Find lengirude Find iattade | a a * Example: | * Example: 2% ()——t is om iN G0°s) Example sh t - t 20°W « (50) + [BOE] + (50°) > 80°F 409 . 409 Giference -if = +f ‘change direction) t t + a! - es + ow W E g L § & Example : we 8 | pecs | 08 160°E <0) — + (509) > 80°W ul L u 4 (cum > 180 = (360 ~ sum*change dixection) | “eh GOS) | ast—sump —_(70°S) EGET BPOLTOM() oO Diameter of the earth, Diameter of the parallel of latitude ‘ E; ihe = XN diameterottte [0 i | N au eeSoecate ttaitate | ore seen cas ameter of ELE P=? diane of theeath the cath we he ot ws as $ S - a+b=180 PGO'N, 130°E), Q(30°S, 130°E) ee Location of a place > RON, 110°) latitude of P = 30°N -45=15°S longitude of P= 80°E +60 = 140°E ©, B (ISS, 140°E)(2) Distance on the surface of the earth (hy along a meridian along the equator along the parallel of fatitude, y°N /S 7 s distance = 6 x 60, © = different in latitude distance 0 N a Ss distance = 6 x 60, 9 = different in longitude distance = mitance oO N Gon distance = 6 60 cosy, = different in longitude distance a 60 cosy shortest distance = (180 - 2a) x 60 shortest distance = (180 -a— 5) x 60 shortest distance = (180-2 +5) «60Remark : = kenot = nit of speed > nautical mile ~unit of distance = distance ine = tance 55 . = meed= He su = distance= speed x time Example] ‘The diagram shows four points, P, Q. R and X, onthe surface of the eath. P les on longitude of | S80°W. QRis the diameter ofthe parallel of latitude of 50°N. Xlies 5830 nautical miles due south (@) Find the position of R (@) Calculate the shortest stance, in naatical miles, from Qto R, measured aleng the surface ofthe eat © Find the tatimade of X. (@ Anacroplane took off from P and lew duc west toR along the parallel of latitude with an average speed of 500 knots Calculate the time, in hours, taken for ‘he fight (@ longitudeof Q=80°W - 35 = 45°W RON, 135°) () differentintongizude of QR = 180" (QR = 180 < 60% cos 50 = 10421.63 (© diteemnitadeot PX= 22 = 97° ar latindeof X = S0-N - 97 (©) different inlongitude of RR= 145° PR= 145 » 60 = 8700 tine = SH = 145tous