UNIVERSITY OF CARTAGENA

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PROGRAM

AUTOMATIC PROCESS CONTROL
GAIN AND TRANSFER FUNCTION CONTROL VALVE
ESTUDENTS:
AURELIO ESQUIVIA LOPEZ
ALEXANDER VARGAS MIRA
JENIFFER QUINTERO MARTINEZ
LAURA NITOLA TORRES
JOS F. ROVIRA FLORIAN
DIOMBEL GONZALEZ HERNANDEZ

PROFESSOR:
ALVARO REALPE JMENEZ
CARTAGENA D.T. Y C.
2016

GAIN AND TRANSFER

FUNCTION CONTROL VALVE
AUTOMATIC PROCESS CONTROL
EXAMPLE 5.13
2

Gain valve
The
gain indicates how changing a process variable output per unit change of
the input variable or simply as it affects the input to the output and can express
it as:

The gain of the valve is equal to the change in the steady state output divided
by the input switching. The valve outlet is the flow and its input is the output
signal from the controller (% CO). Thus it is defined as:

Gain units are gpm /% CO, these units can also be (lb / h) /% CO, SCHF /% CO
3

Gain valve and dependency factors

The
above expression can be expressed
as follows taking into account that:

Sorting is of the form

ec(1).

Based on the rule of the chain you

have:

Applying the chain rule we obtain the

following expression

Where
f- outflow valve.
Cv- capacity or flow
coefficient.
vp- valve position
m- controller output signal

Dependence
of the valve position

It
is the conversion percentage output of the controller to the fractional position
of the valve, depending on the sign if it is open or closed faults (positive is used
if the valve is closed faults (air to open) and the negative sign if it is open in
failures (air to close)).
Closed in failure Open in failure

Dependence
of the flow coefficient

This
depends on the characteristics of the valve, in equation (3)
For linear features

For isoporcentuals features

Dependence
flow
controller
output
Constant pressure drop across the valve
When
the pressure drop across the line in series with the valve is negligible, the inlet
and
outlet
pressures. The pressure drop is constant.
ec(4)
Substituting in the gain of the valve apara constant pressure drop Eq (1).
**

ec(5)

Fmax being the flow when valve is fully open.

Dependence
flow
controller
output
Constant pressure drop across the valve
in Eq (1). The isoporcentual
Replace

** ec(6) gpm/%CO
The gain of the equal percentage flow valve is proportional to the pressure drop
when the valve is constant.

Dependence

flow

controller

output

ec(7)

We derive Eq (7) with respect toWe call this termUsing the concept of derivative of a
product:

We divide the equation and replacing A

Developing the following expression

Dependence

flow

controller

output

ec(8)

10

Dependence

flow

controller

output

For linear valve

ec(9)
For equal percentage valve
ec(10)

Since the end of the flow in the numerator tends to cancel part of the effect of the
term with
gpm/%CO

11

Transfer function valve

For
the representative function block diagram, it is a function of the first order:
ec(12)
time constant of the valve actuator in minutes

12

GAIN A STEAM VALVE WITH CONSTANT

PRESSURE DROP
The valve of figure P5-2 has linear inherent characteristics.

(a) Obtain the flow through the valve when it

is fully opened. (Hint: It is not
1600 gpm.)
(b) Calculate the rangeability of the control
valve.
(c) Find the gain of the valve at the design
flow, in gpm/%CO.
(d)
Plot
the
normalized
installed
characteristics.

13

Solution

Information : From the result 9(b) and table C-10

Pu= 152
psia

Exercise get a

135,9
psia=Pd
Flow when the valve is fully opened

We have assumed that 12,4 PSI friction drop between points 1 and 2 vary with the square of flow.
And the total pressure drop is independent of flow.
+
14


Calculate the rangeability of the control valve.
For a linear valve:

15


Rangeability

16

 Valve gain at desing flow:

17

Cvmax = 400
Fmax = 1260,2

cv

vp

40

0,1

80

0,2

120

0,3

160

0,4

200

0,5

240

0,6

280

0,7

320

0,8

360

0,9

400

F
256,15059
6
489,59800
4
686,48813
2
843,79810
4
965,63998
1
1058,7813
3
1129,9038
6
1184,5428
7
1226,9360
6
1260,2134
3

Normalized fl ow vs vp
Flujo
normalizado
0,20326186
0,388508177
0,544745383

1.2
1
0.8
Normalized flow f/fmax 0.6

0,669574753
0,766259308
0,840169282
0,89660678
0,939964189
0,973604239
1,000010658

0.4
0.2
0
0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.2

valve position vp
18

19