Teori

Harga Pasar

Teori Harga Pasar

Kurva Permintaan

Kurva Permintaan:
Permintaan atas Kentang (per bulan )

(1)
Price
(pence per kg)

(2)
Tracey's
demand

(3)
Darren's
demand

(4)
Total market
demand

(kg)

(kg)

(tonnes: 000s)

20

28

16

700

40

15

11

500

60

350

80

200

100

100

Market demand for potatoes (monthly)

Price (pence per kg)

Market demand
Point
Price
(pence per kg) (tonnes 000s)
A
700
20

Demand

Quantity (tonnes: 000s)

Price (pence per kg)

Market demand for potatoes (monthly)

Market demand
Point
Price
(pence per kg) (tonnes 000s)
A
700
20
B
500
40

B
A

Demand

Quantity (tonnes: 000s)

Price (pence per kg)

Market demand for potatoes (monthly)

Market demand
Point
Price
(pence per kg) (tonnes 000s)
A
700
20
B
500
40
C
350
60
C

B
A

Demand

Quantity (tonnes: 000s)

Price (pence per kg)

Market demand for potatoes (monthly)

Market demand
Point
Price
(pence per kg) (tonnes 000s)
A
700
20
B
500
40
C
350
60
D
200
80

B
A

Demand

Quantity (tonnes: 000s)

Market demand for potatoes (monthly)

Price (pence per kg)

Market demand
Point
Price
(pence per kg) (tonnes 000s)
A
700
20
B
500
40
C
350
60
D
200
80
E
100
100
B
A

Demand

Quantity (tonnes: 000s)

Teori Harga Pasar

Shifts of the
demand curve

An increase in demand

Price

D0
O

Q0

Q1
Quantity

D1

A decrease in demand

Price

D1
O

Q0

Q1
Quantity

D0

Teori Harga Pasar

Kurva Penawaran

The supply curve:

The supply of potatoes

(monthly)

Price of
potatoes

Farmer X's
supply

Total Market
supply

(pence per kg)

(tonnes)

(tonnes: 000s)

20

50

100

40

70

200

60

100

350

80

120

530

100

130

700

Market supply of potatoes (monthly)

Supply
P
Price (pence per kg)

Quantity (tonnes: 000s)

20 100

Market supply of potatoes (monthly)

Supply
P
Price (pence per kg)

a
b

Quantity (tonnes: 000s)

20 100
40 200

Market supply of potatoes (monthly)

Supply

Price (pence per kg)

Quantity (tonnes: 000s)

a
b
c

20 100
40 200
60 350

Market supply of potatoes (monthly)

Supply

Price (pence per kg)

Quantity (tonnes: 000s)

a
b
c
d

20
40
60
80

100
200
350
530

Market supply of potatoes (monthly)

e

Supply

Price (pence per kg)

Quantity (tonnes: 000s)

P
a 20
b 40
c 60
d 80
e 100

Q
100
200
350
530
700

Teori Harga Pasar

Shifts of the
supply curve

Shifts in the supply curve

P

S0

Shifts in the supply curve

P

S0

S1

Increase

Shifts in the supply curve

P

S2

Decrease

S0

S1

Increase

Teori Harga Pasar

Keseimbangan Pasar

Equilibrium price and output:

The Market Demand and Supply of Potatoes (Monthly)

Price of Potatoes

Total Market Demand

Total Market Supply

(pence per kilo)

(Tonnes: 000s)

(Tonnes: 000s)

20

700 (A)

100 (a)

40

500 (B)

200 (b)

60

350 (C)

350 (c)

80

200 (D)

530 (d)

100

100 (E)

700 (e)

The determination of market equilibrium

(potatoes: monthly)

e
Supply
d

Price (pence per kg)

Cc

Demand

Quantity (tonnes: 000s)

The determination of market equilibrium

(potatoes: monthly)

e
Supply

Price (pence per kg)

SURPLUS

(330 000)
Cc

Demand

Quantity (tonnes: 000s)

The determination of market equilibrium

(potatoes: monthly)

e
Supply
d

Price (pence per kg)

Cc

SHORTAGE

(300 000)
a

Demand

Quantity (tonnes: 000s)

The determination of market equilibrium

(potatoes: monthly)

e
Supply
d

Price (pence per kg)

Demand

Qe
Quantity (tonnes: 000s)

Teori Harga Pasar

Pengaruh shift of the

demand curve terhadap
Keseimbangan Pasar

Effect of a shift in the demand curve

P

An increase
in demand
g
Pe1

D1
O

Qe1

Effect of a shift in the demand curve

P

g
Pe1

D1
O

Qe1

Effect of a shift in the demand curve

P

g
Pe1

D2
D1
O

Qe1

Effect of a shift in the demand curve

P

i
Pe2

Pe1

D2
D1
O

Qe1

Qe2

Effect of a shift in the demand curve

P

A decrease
in demand
g
Pe1

D2
O

Qe1

D1
Q

Effect of a shift in the demand curve

P

Pe1
Pe2

m
n

D2
O

Qe2

Qe1

D1
Q

Teori Harga Pasar

Pengaruh shift of the supply curve

terhadap Keseimbangan Pasar

Effect of a shift in the supply curve

P

S1

A decrease
in supply

Pe1

D
O

Qe1

Effect of a shift in the supply curve

P

S1

g
Pe1

D
O

Qe1

Effect of a shift in the supply curve

P

S2
S1

g
Pe1

D
O

Qe1

Effect of a shift in the supply curve

P

S2
S1
k

Pe3

Pe1

D
O

Qe3

Qe1

Effect of a shift in the supply curve

P

S1

An increase
in supply

S2

Pe1

D
O

Qe1

Effect of a shift in the supply curve

P

S1

g
Pe1

S2

p
q

Pe2

D
O

Qe1 Qe2

Teori Harga Pasar

Pengaruh Dimensi Waktu terhadap

Keseimbangan Pasar

Dimensi Waktu Penawaran

Berdasarkan dimensi waktunya, pasar

dikelompokkan menjadi 3 jenis yaitu:
1.

Pasar seketika atau immediate market

2.

Pasar jangka pendek atau short-run

market

3.

Pasar jangka panjang atau long-run

market

Pasar Seketika atau Immediate Market

Pasar seketika merupakan periode pasar

yang demikian pendeknya hingga tidak
memungkinkan bagi produsen untuk
mengubah jumlah hasil produksinya.

Kuantitas suply yang ditawarkan adalah tetap

Pasar Jangka Pendek atau Short-run Market

Pasar Jangka Pendek merupakan periode pasar dimana

produsen telah dapat memperbaiki hasil produksinya, tetapi
belum cukup waktu untuk mengubah skala produksi. Dan di
samping itu belum memungkinkan untuk masuknya produsen
baru dalam pasar

Kuantitas suply yang ditawarkan mengikuti hukum penawaran

dan cenderung inelastis

Pasar Jangka Panjang atau Long-run Market

Pasar Jangka Panjang merupakan periode pasar

dimana produsen telah memiliki cukup waktu untuk
mengubah skala produksi. Dan memungkinkan
masuknya produsen baru dalam pasar

Kuantitas suply yang ditawarkan mengikuti hukum

penawaran dan cenderung elastis

Teori Harga Pasar

Pengaruh Perubahan Permintaan

terhadap Keseimbangan Pasar pada
Immediate Market

Pe2

Pe1

D2
Pe3
O

D3
Qe1

D1
Q

Teori Harga Pasar

Pengaruh Perubahan Permintaan

terhadap Keseimbangan Pasar pada
Short-run Market

Pe2

Pe1

Pe3

D2
D3

Qe3 Qe1 Qe
2

D1
Q

Teori Harga Pasar

Pengaruh Perubahan Permintaan

terhadap Keseimbangan Pasar pada
Long-run Market

Pe2

Pe1
Pe3

D2
D3
O

Qe3

Qe1

Qe2

D1
Q