Series-Resonant Inverter

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Electronics

Operation
T1 fired, resonant pulse of current
flows through the load. The current
falls to zero at t = t1m and T1 is self
commutated.
T2 fired, reverse resonant current
flows through the load and T2 is also
self-commutated.
The series resonant circuit must be
underdamped,
R2 < (4L/C)

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Operation in Mode 1 Fire T1

di1
1
L
Ri1 i1dt vC (0) VS
dt
C
i1 (0) 0
vC (0) VC
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i1 (t ) A1e

R
t
2L

sin r t
1
2

1
R2
r
2
LC 4 L
Vs Vc
di1

A1
dt t 0
r L
Vs Vc t
i1 (t )
e sin r t
r L
R

2L
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To find the time when the current is

maximum, set the first derivative = 0
di1
0
dt
Vs Vc
t
t

e
sin

e
cos r t 0

r
r
r L
.....

r
tan r tm

1 r t m
tan
r t m

1
1 r
tm
tan
r
2
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To find the capacitor voltage, integrate the

current
t

1
vC1 (t ) i1 (t )dt Vc
C0
1 Vs Vc
t
vC1 (t )
e
sin r t dt VC

C 0 r L
...
t

vC1 (t ) (Vs VC )e t ( sin r t r cos r t ) / r Vs

0 t t1m ( )
r

The current i1 becomes = 0 @ t=t1m

vC1 (t1m ) VC1 Vs VC e

Vs

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Operation in Mode 2 T1, T2 Both OFF

i2 (t ) 0
vC2 (t ) VC1
vC2 (t2m ) VC2 VC1
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t2m

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Operation in Mode 3 Fire T2

di3
1
L
Ri3 i3dt vC3 (0) 0
dt
C
i3 (0) 0
vC3 (0) VC2 VC1
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i3 (t )

VC1

r L

sin r t

1
vC3 (t ) i3dt VC1
C0
vC3 (t )

VC1 e t ( sin r t r cos r t )

0 t t3m ( )
r
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vC3 (t3m ) VC3 VC VC1 e

vC1 (t1m ) VC1 (VS VC )e

VS

.
.
1
VC VS z
e 1
ez
VC1 VS z
e 1
VC VS VC1
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ECE 442 Power

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Summary -- Series Resonant Inverter

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To avoid a short-circuit across the main dc supply, T1

must be turned OFF before T2 is turned ON,
resulting in a dead zone.
This off-time must be
longer than the turn-off
time of the thyristors, tq.

toff tq
0 r
The maximum possible
output frequency is

f 0 f max

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2 tq
r

15

Series Resonant Inverter

Coupled Inductors

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Improvement in performance
When T1 turned ON,
voltage @ L1 is as
shown, voltage @ L2
in same direction,
adding to the voltage
@C
This turns T2 OFF
before the load
current falls to 0.
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Half-Bridge Series Resonant Inverter

Note:
L1 = L2
C1 = C2

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This configuration reduces the high-pulsed

current from the dc supply
Power drawn from the
source during both
half-cycles of the
output.
Half of the current is
supplied from the
associated capacitor,
half of the current is
supplied from the
source.
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Full-Bridge Series-Resonant Inverter

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Characteristics of the
full-bridge inverter
This configuration
provides higher
output power.
Either T1-T2 or T3-T4
are fired.
Supply current is
continuous but
pulsating.

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Example 8.1 Analysis of the

Basic Resonant Inverter

L1 = L2 = L = 50H
C = 6F
R = 2
Vs = 220V

fo = 7kHz
tq = 10s

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Determine the resonant frequency

1
2

1
R2
1012 22 10 12
r
2

2
LC
4
L
50

6
4

50

1
2

54,160rad / s

The resonant frequency in Hz

r
fr
8619.8 Hz
2
1
Tr 116 s
fr
R
2

20, 000
6
2 L (2 50 10 )
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Determine the turn-off time toff

toff
toff
toff

0 r

43,982 54,160
13.42 s

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Determine the maximum permissible

frequency
f max

f max
f max

2 tq
r

6
2 10 10

54,160

7352 Hz

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Determine the peak-to-peak capacitor

voltage

VC

Vs

220
20
54.16

100.4V

e
e
VC1 Vs VC 220 100.4 320.4V
V pp VC VC1 100.4 320.4 420.8V

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Determine the peak load current

Vs VC tm
i1 (t tm )
e
sin r tm i1max
r L
1
1 r
tm
tan
r

1
1 54.16
tm
tan
22.47 s
54,160
20
220 100.4 (0.02)(22.47)
i1max
e
sin(54,160 22.47 10 6 )
0.05416 50
i1max 70.82 A
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Sketch the instantaneous load current,

capacitor voltage, and dc supply current

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Calculate the rms load current

1 2

1 2
I o i1 (t )dt i3 (t )dt
T 0
T 0

I o 44.1A

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I 2fi dt
58 s

1
2

Using MATHCAD,

58 10

06

2 7000

320.4 exp ( 20000 t) sin ( 54160 t) d t

06
54160 50 10

44.091

Io = 44.1Amperes
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Determine the output power

Po I R 44.1 (2)
2

2
o

Po 3,889W

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Determine the average supply current

Po
Is
V
3,889W
Is
17.68 A
220V

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Determine the average, peak, and rms

thyristor currents
T
2

1
I A io (t )dt 17.68 A
T 0
I p 70.82 A
44.1A
IR
31.18 A
2

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rms Thyristor Current

Using MATHCAD

58 10

06

7000

320.4 exp ( 20000 t) sin ( 54160 t) d t

06
54160 50 10

31.177

44.1A
I
31.18A
2
R

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Electronics

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