PITUITARY
HORMONES
Dr
CELL TYPES
2 types
Acidophilic cells
a) Somatotropes which secreted growth
hormone
b) Mamotropes which secreted prolactin
Basophilic cells
a) Thyrotropes which secreted TSH
b) Gonadotropes secreted LH and FSH
c) Corticotropes secreted ACTH
Anterior Pituitary
Hormones
Prolactin (PRL)
Growth Hormone
Species specific
Growth Hormone
GH is an anabolic hormone
that stimulates growth of all
body tissues but the major
effects are directed to growth of
skeletal muscles and long
bones.
GROWTH PROMOTING
ACTIONS OF GROWTH
HORMONE
SOFT TISSUES:
1.
2.
3.
4.
GROWTH PROMOTING
ACTIONS OF GROWTH
HORMONE
BONE:
Metabolic actions OF GH
1. It
3. It
Somatomedins
The effects of GH on growth, cartilage, &
protein depend on an interaction
between growth hormone &
somatomedins
Somatotropi
n growth
hormone
IGF.1
somatomedi
nC
Growth Hormone
GHRH
2.
GHIH (somatostatin).
Control
Other stimuli:
Inhibitors:
1.
hypoglycemia
2.
Non-REM sleep
2. I.V. glucose
3.
stress
3. cortisol
4.
exercise
4. Growth hormone
5.
protein intake
5. REM sleep
6.
Dopamine
Abnormalities of GH
Deficiency or Hyposecretion of GH
Pituitary Dwarfism in children [before
puberty]
short
stature
reduced
muscle strength
decreased
bone density
problem
reduced
IGF1
Excess or Hypersecretion
OF GH
Excess or Hypersecretion OF
GH
Acromegaly
1. Acromegalic faces
2. Enlarged hands & feet
3. lactation
4. Hirsutism
5. Osteoarthritic vertebral changes
6. Bitemporal hemianopia
7. D.M. resistant to insulin
Ephiphys
eal plate:
site of
elongatio
n of long
bone
Acromegaly
TSH
TSH
(Thyroid Stimulating
Hormone, Thyrotropin)
Glycoprotein
Half life [60 min]
TSH Control
Circadian rhythm ?
Inhibitors: Heat
TSH Actions
Caused by:
Abnormalities
Pituitary problems
rare
results in
hypo- or
hyperthyroidism
TSH level is opposite to thyroid hormones
Inhibitors:
Stress and emotions
Prolactin
Abnormalities
Before puberty:
1.
2.
After puberty:
Deficiency: Infertility
ACTH
ACTH
(Adrenocorticotropin)
cortex to release
corticosteroids.
ACTH Control
Circadian rhythm
Other Stimuli:
Stress
Hypoglycemia
ACTH Actions
Trophic
Stimulate
MSH
Cortisol secretion
ACTH Abnormalities
Cushings syndrome
Addisons disease
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