Pembimbing:
dr. Retno, Sp. P
Anggota Kelompok:
Hambali Humam Macan, S. Ked
Hera Julia Garamina, S. Ked
KEPANITERAAN KLINIK BAGIAN ILMU PENYAKIT DALAM
RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH DR. H. ABDUL MOELOEK
FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS LAMPUNG
BANDAR LAMPUNG
2015
G lobal
INitiative for
A sthma
Pendahuluan
Diagnosis Asma
Diagnosis asma harus berdasarkan pada:
Sering normal
Wheezing pada auskultasi, terutama pada ekspirasi paksa
Wheezing juga ditemukan pada kondisi lain, contohnya:
Infeksi respiratori
PPOK
Upper airway dysfunction
Obstruksi endobronchila
Inhalasi benda asing
Wheezing mungkin tidak ditemukan pada asma eksaserbasi
(silent chest)
Patient with
respiratory symptoms
NO
YES
Detailed history/examination
for asthma
History/examinationsupports
asthma diagnosis?
Clinical urgency, and
other diagnoses unlikely
NO
YES
Perform spirometry/PEF
with reversibility test
Results support asthma diagnosis?
NO
YES
Repeat on another
occasion or arrange
other tests
NO
YE
S
YES
Review response
Diagnostic testing
within 1-3 months
Diagnosis Banding
PENILAIAN ASMA
Asma terkontrol 2 hal:
1.
Pengobatan
2.
Komorbiditas
3.
Kapan?
Asma ringan: terkontrol baik dengan step 1 atau 2 (SABA atau dosis
rendah kortikosteroid inhalasi)
Asma sedang: terkontrol baik dengan Step 3 (dosis rendah ICS/LABA)
Asma berat: Step 4/5 (dosis sedang atau tinggi ICS/LABA add-on), atau
tidak terkontrol dengan terapi tersebut
A. Symptom control
controlled
None of
these
1-2 of
these
3-4 of
these
Yes No
Any activity limitation due to asthma?
Yes No
PENATALAKSANAAN ASMA
Tujuan penatalaksanaan asma:
Diagnosis
Symptom control & risk factors
(including lung function)
Inhaler technique & adherence
Patient preference
Symptoms
Exacerbations
Side-effects
Patient satisfaction
Lung function
Asthma medications
Non-pharmacological strategies
Treat modifiable risk factors
Farmakoterapi
STEP 5
STEP 4
PREFERRED
CONTROLLER
CHOICE
STEP 1
STEP 2
STEP 3
Low dose
ICS/LABA*
Med/high dose ICS
Low dose ICS+LTRA
(or + theoph*)
Refer for
add-on
treatment
Med/high
e.g.
ICS/LABA anti-IgE
Add tiotropium#
High dose ICS
+ LTRA
(or + theoph*)
Add
tiotropium#
Add low
dose OCS
As-needed SABA or
low dose ICS/formoterol**
*For children 6-11 years, theophylline is not recommended, and preferred Step 3 is medium dose ICS
**For patients prescribed BDP/formoterol or BUD/formoterol maintenance and reliever therapy
# Tiotropium by soft-mist inhaler is indicated as add-on treatment for patients with a history of
exacerbations; it is not indicated in children <18 years.
GINA 2015, Box 3-5, Step 1
Kortikosteroid inhalasi
Inhaled corticosteroid
Medium
High
200500
>5001000
>1000
100200
>200400
>400
Budesonide (DPI)
200400
>400800
>800
Ciclesonide (HFA)
80160
>160320
>320
100250
>250500
>500
Mometasone furoate
110220
>220440
>440
4001000
>10002000
>2000
Triamcinolone acetonide
Lanjutan....
Inhaled corticosteroid
Medium
High
100200
>200400
>400
50100
>100200
>200
Budesonide (DPI)
100200
>200400
>400
Budesonide (nebules)
250500
>5001000
>1000
80
>80160
>160
100200
>200400
>400
100200
>200500
>500
110
220<440
440
400800
>8001200
>1200
Ciclesonide (HFA)
Mometasone furoate
Triamcinolone acetonide
Intervensi Non-farmakologi
Hindari paparan asap rokok
Batasi aktivitas fisik
Asma okupasional
Hindari alergen
mekanik
Perawatan darurat terkait asma pada beberapa tahun
sebelumnya
Saat menggunakan atau baru berhenti menggunakan
kortikosteroid oral
Tidak sedang menggunakan corticosteroids inhalasi
Over dalam penggunaan SABA, terutama menggunakan
lebih dari satu tabung salbutamol
Mempunyai sebuah riwayat penyakit kejiwaan atau masalah
psikososial
Ketidakpatuhan dengan obat asma
Alergi makanan pada pasien dengan asthma
Asma eksaserbasi
ASMA EKSASERBASI
PRIMARY CARE
MILD or MODERATE
Breathless, agitated
Pulse rate 200 bpm (0-3 yrs) or 180 bpm (4-5
yrs)
Oxygen saturation 92%
START TREATMENT
Salbutamol 100 mcg two puffs by pMDI +
spacer
or 2.5mg by nebulizer
Repeat every 20 min for the first hour if needed
Controlled oxygen (if needed and available):
target saturation 94-98%
Worsening,
or failure to
respond to
10 puffs
salbutamol
over 3-4 hrs
IMPROVING
DISCHARGE/FOLLOW-UP PLANNING
Ensure that resources at home are adequate.
Reliever: continue as needed
Controller: consider need for, or adjustment of, regular
controller
Check inhaler technique and adherence
Follow up:within 1-7 days
Provide and explain action plan
FOLLOW UP VISIT
Reliever: Reduce to as-needed
Controller: Continue or adjust depending on cause of exacerbation, and duration of need for extra salbutamol
Risk factors: Check and correct modifiable risk factors that may have contributed to exacerbation, including
inhaler technique and adherence
Action plan: Is it understood? Was it used appropriately? Does it need modification?
Schedule next follow up visit
TERIMAKASIH