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Fa k u l t a s Ke s e h a t a n M a s y a r a k a t
Universitas Indonesia
ILMU SOSIAL-PERILAKU
DAN
K E S E H ATA N M A S YA R A K AT
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
D a s a r Ke s e h a t a n M a s y a r a k a t
P r o g r a m S 1 Ke s e h a t a n M a s y a r a k a t
P E N G A N TA R
S a a t k i t a p erg i ke su a tu n e g a r a d i A s i a , k i t a a ka n
menemukan bahwa budaya disana hampir
m e m p e n g a r u h i se t i a p a s p ek ke h i d u p a n m ereka .
Mulai dari apa yang mereka makan, cara
m e m a s a k n y a , p er i l a ku ke p u s a t p e l a y a n a n
m a s y a r a ka t , ke p erc a y a a n m e reka a ka n p e n y eb a b
penyakit serta kemampuan mereka dal am
m e n g u b a h n y a m el a l u i u p a y a ke se h a t a n m a s y a r a ka t .
Ilmu
Sosial-Perilaku
dan
Kesehatan
M a s#3
yaraka
K E S E H ATA N M A S YA R A K AT D A N I L M U S O S I A L - P E R I L A K U
Social
Science
Discipline
Psychology
Sociology
Anthropolog
y
Political
science/Publ
ic policy
Economics
Pe n d a p a t a n E ko n o m i
A k s e s ke Pe l a y a n a n Ke s e h a t a n
S t a t u s Pe n d i d i ka n
Status
Kesehat
an
Status Sosial
Ekonomi
Ke t e r p a p a r a n a k a n
R i s i ko Pe n y a k i t
S t a t u s S o s i a l E ko n o m i
Ko n t r o l d a n p a r t i s i p a s i s o s i a l d i b u t u h k a n u n t u k
menjelaskan perbedaan-perbedaan substansial dalam
ke s eh a t a n
Ilmu
Sosial-Perilaku
dan
Kesehatan
M a s#5
yaraka
Examples
Living
conditions
Overall
educational
opportunities
Educational
opportunities
for women
Occupational
exposures
Access to
goods and
services
Family size
Exposures to
high risk
behaviors
I l m u Lower
S o s isocioeconomic
a l - P e r i l a status
k u dassociated
a n K e s with
e h agreater
t a n exposure
M a s#6
y ator a k a
P E N G A R U H B U D AYA PA D A K E S E H ATA N M A S YA R A K AT
Ke b u d a y a a n b e r h u b u n g a n d e n g a n p e r i l a ku s e s e o r a n g .
Budaya dapat menentukan yang baik dan buruk
ataupun yang sehat dan tidak sehat. Hal ini
berhubungan dengan
g ay a h i d u p ,
ke p e r c ay a a n a k a n s u a t u r i s i ko , d a n
ke p e r c ay a a n a k a n t i p e t u b u h
contohnya
Ilmu
Sosial-Perilaku
dan
Kesehatan
M a s#7
yaraka
P E N G A R U H B U D AYA PA D A K E S E H ATA N M A S YA R A K AT
Examples
Culture is related to
behavior social practices
may put individuals and
groups at increased or
reduced risk
Culture is related to
response to symptoms, such
as level of urgency to
recognize symptoms, seek
care, and communicate
symptoms
P E N G A R U H A G A M A PA D A K E S E H ATA N M A S YA R A K AT
Contoh: Khitanan
p a d a ka u m l a k i - l a k i d a p a t m en u r u n ka n r i s i ko a ka n
H I V / A I D S . Pe r i l a ku d a l a m a g a m a d a p a t m e m b e r i ka n
dampak secara langsung maupun tidak langsung akan
st a t u s ke se h a t a n s es eo r a n g
Ilmu
Sosial-Perilaku
dan
Kesehatan
M a s#9
yaraka
P E N G A R U H A G A M A PA D A K E S E H ATA N M A S YA R A K AT
Examples
Ilmu
Sosial-Perilaku
dan
Kesehatan
M a s#10
yaraka
P E R U B A H A N P E R I L A K U K E S E H ATA N
Ilmu
Sosial-Perilaku
dan
Kesehatan
M a s#11
yaraka
P E R U B A H A N P E R I L A K U K E S E H ATA N
Perubahan
Perilaku
Ilmu
Sosial-Perilaku
dan
Kesehatan
M a s#12
yaraka
P E R U B A H A N P E R I L A K U K E S E H ATA N
U p ay a
Perubaha
n Perilaku
Ilmu
A s p e k fi s i k , s o s i a l , e k o n o m i s e r i n g
menjadi pengahalang dalam upaya
p e r u b a h an p er ila ku m es k ip u n
individu tersebut sudah
t e r m o t i fi k a s i
Sosial-Perilaku
dan
Kesehatan
M a s#13
yaraka
U PAYA P E R U B A H A N P E R I L A K U K E S E H ATA N
Ilmu
Sosial-Perilaku
dan
Kesehatan
M a s#14
yaraka
S TA G E S O F C H A N G E M O D E L
Ilmu
Sosial-Perilaku
dan
Kesehatan
M a s#15
yaraka
S TA G E S O F C H A N G E M O D E L
Stage of Change
1.
Precontemplatio
n
Actions
Example-Cigarette Smoking
Prognosticate
Individual not
considering change
2. Contemplation
Motivate change
Individual thinks
actively about the
health risk and
action requires to
reduce the risk
Issue of change is
on the individuals
agenda but no
action
Ilmu
Provide information
focused on short and
intermediate gains from
behavioral change, as
well as long-term
benefits
Doubtful, dire and
distant impacts are less
effective
d
a n Klog
e of
s etiming,
h a t frequency,
a n M a and
s#16
yaraka
Develop
S TA G E S O F C H A N G E M O D E L
Stage of
Change
3. Preparation
Prepare for
action including
developing a
plan and setting
a timetable
Actions
Example-Cigarette Smoking
Plan change
Set specific measurable
and obtainable goals
with deadlines
Recognize habitual
nature of existing
behavior and remove
associated activities
Ilmu
Sosial-Perilaku
dan
Kesehatan
M a s#17
yaraka
S TA G E S O F C H A N G E M O D E L
Stage of Change
4. Action
Actions
Example-Cigarette Smoking
Reinforce change
Provide/suggest tangible
rewards
Observable
changes in
behavior with
potential for
relapse
Positive feedback
encouragement of new
behavior
Anticipate adverse effects
and frustrations
Ilmu
Sosial-Perilaku
dan
Kesehatan
M a s#18
yaraka
S TA G E S O F C H A N G E M O D E L
Stage of
Change
5.
Maintenance
New behavior
needs to be
consolidated as
past of
permanent
lifestyle change
Ilmu
Actions
Example-Cigarette Smoking
Maintain change
Practice/reinforce
methods for
maintaining new
behavior
Sosial-Perilaku
dan
Kesehatan
M a s#19
yaraka
SOCIAL MARKETING
S e b u a h u p ay a p e n e r ap an p e n d e kata n m a r ke tin g
u n tu k m e r u b a h p e ri laku s e kel om p ok or an g
S o c ia l m ar keti n g m e r u p a kan b e n tu k p en g g u n aan
d a n p e r lu asa n p ro d u k m ar ke tin g tr a d is ion al.
B eb er a p a u p a y a so sia l m a r ke tin g :
Ilmu
Sosial-Perilaku
dan
Kesehatan
M a s#20
yaraka
Ilmu
Sosial-Perilaku
dan
Kesehatan
M a s#21
yaraka
TIPE ADOPTER
Ilmu
Sosial-Perilaku
dan
Kesehatan
M a s#22
yaraka
I M P L E M E N TA S I P E R U B A H A N P E R I L A K U
Ilmu
Sosial-Perilaku
dan
Kesehatan
M a s#23
yaraka
Change is a non-linear
process that sometimes
re quire s yo u t o t a ke a
step back before you
move forward
D a s a r Ke s e h a t a n M a s y a r a k a t
P r o g r a m S 1 Ke s e h a t a n M a s y a r a k a t
ILMU SOSIAL-PERILAKU
DAN
K E S E H ATA N M A S YA R A K AT
Daftar Pustaka: Public Health 101, Richard
Riegelman, 2010
S e k i a n d a n Te r i m a k a s i