BP Vibration Trainingpart1

VIBRATION AWARENESS COURSE
2005 Baker Hughes Incorporated

All rights reserved.
Objectives of this course

Define the three modes of vibration
Differentiate between modes and dysfunctions of vibration
List the operation parameters that can be changed to reduce vibration
List the sources of drillstring excitation
Define critical speeds, resonance, and natural frequency
Identify the worst mode and dysfunction of vibration for our tools
Interpret the published VSS flow charts
Vibration Costs
Customer Costs: ~$300 million per year

Reduced drilling efficiency
Lost time due to tool failures
BHI Costs: ~$35 million per year

Tool failures
Tool repair
Rebates to customers

Definitions of Vibration
Vibration Movement To and Fro. Often referred to as
oscillations, periodic motion, shocks. BHI material

A rapid linear motion of a particle or of an elastic solid
about an equilibrium position The American Heritage Dictionary of the

English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company.
A periodic motion of the particles of an elastic body or
medium in alternately opposite directions from the

position of equilibrium when that equilibrium has been
disturbed (as when particles of air transmit sounds to the
ear) Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary, 2002 Merriam-Webster, Inc.
a regular periodic variation in value about a mean WordNet
2.0, 2003 Princeton University
Definitions
Amplitude

Excitation Sources
Cutting action of bit
Drill string rotation
Eccentric action of mud motors
Pump pulsations
Stabilizer contacts with borehole wall
Drill string / wellbore interaction
Natural Vibration Simple Model

Mass
Provides inertia
Resists changes in motion (speeding up, slowing
down)
Stiffness
Provides a restoring force
Tries to bring position back to initial state
Damping
Stiffness
Damping (not dampening - to moisten)

Takes energy out of the system
Friction, viscous drag
Mass
Natural Transient Response

Single DOF System Behavior: Transient
Response to a temporary disturbance

Pull on the mass and let it go ...
Moderate Damping
Stiffness
Undamped
Damping
Heavy Damping
1.00
Mass
Displacement
Displacement
0.75
0.50
0.25
0.00
0.0
-0.25
1.0
2.0
-0.50
-0.75
-1.00

Time
3.0
4.0
5.0
Natural Frequency
Natural Frequency
Forced Vibration
Resonance
Critical Speed
Damping
Eliminating Resonance
Change the excitation frequencies
(and magnitudes)
Adjust rotary speed
Adjust pump strokes
6.0
Change the natural frequencies of

the drill string
Bit type and/or design
Drillstring design
Adjust the weight on bit
Drill collar sizes and lengths
Stabilizer type and placement
Drill pipe sizes and lengths

Amplitude
5.0
Low Damping
4.0
3.0
Medium
2.0
High
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
Frequency Ratio
2.0
Remember - Critical Speeds occur

when.
Rotary Speed
=
Natural Frequency
=
Resonance
Vibration - Multiple DOF Systems
Axial ~ along its axis
Lateral ~ transverse to its axis
Torsional
Lateral
Torsional ~ twist about its axis

Axial
Three Degrees of Freedom
AXIAL
LATERAL
TORSIONAL
VSS
Published Guidelines

Key Points Vibration Theory
Natural vibration occurs at a Natural Frequency

and amplitude
remains
amplitude
Frequency
constant if undamped (Simple MSD system in a perfect world)

Damping
frequency
is unchanged
natural
frequency
Dampingreduces amplitude over time, but natural
Forced vibrations Amplitude increases as the excitation frequency
approaches the natural frequency
Amplitude
Resonance is a condition where excitation frequency = natural frequency.
Amplitude increases significantly
natural
Resonance Avoidance Change something
frequency
Excitation sources
Natural Frequency of Drill String

Key Points Vibration Principles Applied

to Drill Strings
Drill strings are complex system with 3 Degrees of Vibrational
Fredoom or Modes
Axial
Torsional
Lateral
naturalfrequency
Critical speeds occur when rotary speed matches a natural
resonance
and causes resonance
Well Done!
Remember - Critical Speeds occur

when.
Rotary Speed
=
Natural Frequency
=
Resonance
Objectives of this course

Define the three modes of vibration
Differentiate between modes and dysfunctions of vibration
List the operation parameters that can be changed to reduce vibration
List the sources of drillstring excitation
Define critical speeds, resonance, and natural frequency
Identify the worst mode and dysfunction of vibration for our tools
Interpret the published VSS flow charts

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VIBRATION AWARENESS COURSE

2005 Baker Hughes Incorporated

Objectives of this course

Customer Costs: ~$300 million per year

BHI Costs: ~$35 million per year

2005 Baker Hughes Incorporated

oscillations, periodic motion, shocks. BHI material

about an equilibrium position The American Heritage Dictionary of the

A periodic motion of the particles of an elastic body or

medium in alternately opposite directions from the

2005 Baker Hughes Incorporated

Natural Vibration Simple Model

Damping (not dampening - to moisten)

Natural Transient Response

Response to a temporary disturbance

2005 Baker Hughes Incorporated

Change the natural frequencies of

2005 Baker Hughes Incorporated

Remember - Critical Speeds occur

Vibration - Multiple DOF Systems

Axial ~ along its axis

Lateral ~ transverse to its axis

Torsional ~ twist about its axis

2005 Baker Hughes Incorporated

Three Degrees of Freedom

2005 Baker Hughes Incorporated

Key Points Vibration Theory

Natural vibration occurs at a Natural Frequency

constant if undamped (Simple MSD system in a perfect world)

2005 Baker Hughes Incorporated

Key Points Vibration Principles Applied

Drill strings are complex system with 3 Degrees of Vibrational

Remember - Critical Speeds occur

Objectives of this course

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