GRAMMAR

GUIDE
Intermediate
Prepared by Cherane Christopher

CONTENT
Unit

Content

Unit 2

Present Simple
Adverbs of frequency
Present Continuous
State Verb
The passive
Present Simple and Present Continuous Passive

Unit 4

Have to
Have got to
Modal and related verbs
Obligation: should, ought to and must
Permission: can and be allowed to
Making requests: can, could, will and would
Making offers: will and shall

UNIT 2
Present Simple

State Verb

Adverbs of frequency

The passive

Present Continuous

Present Simple and Present

Continuous Passive

PRESENT SIMPLE
We use the present simple tensefor things that we do regularly and for

facts, habits, truths and permanent situations.

We often use time expressions likeevery day, once a week, on Fridays.

Example:

I checkmy email every day. (regular activity/ a

habit)
Yuki worksat the bank. (permanent situation/ a
state)
Kimi comes from Tawau. (always true/ a fact)

FORM:
Forpositive sentences, use the same form as the infinitive without 'to'

forI, you, weand they.

Forhe, sheandit, add -sor -esto the infinitive.

Make questions and negatives with do / does + the infinitive without

'to'.

Example:

They livein Rome

Julian startswork at nine oclock andfinishesat
five.
I don't eatmeat.
It doesn'tusuallysnowin October
Why do you readthe news online every day?
Does the supermarket sellstamps?

ADVERBS: WHAT ARE THEY?

ADVERB OF FREQUENCY
Adverbs of frequency:

We often use adverbs of frequency with Present Simple.

They go before the main verb, but after the verb to be.

I usually start at 9.00.

Theyre usually here by now.

I rarely see Haziq these days.

Were rarely at home at weekends.

Sometimes and usually can also go at the beginning or the end.

Sometimes we play card.
We play cards sometimes.

Usually I go shopping with

friends.

I go shopping with friends usually.

HERE ARE THE RULES FOR THE POSITION OF

THESE ADVERBS IN A SENTENCE.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS
We use the present continuous for things that are happening at the time

we are speaking, for temporary situations, and for activities that are in
progress.

Example:

Just a minute.Im checkingmy email. (now)

She usually works in London, butshes workingfrom
home this week. (temporary)
Im studying Economics(activity in progress)

 We can also use the present continuous for future arrangements, usually

with a time expression.

Example:

I'm seeingthe doctoron Monday morning.

FORM:

For positive sentences, the form issubject + am/is/are + verb-ing. Make

questions and negatives witham/are/is + not + verb-ing.
Example:

Can I call you back later?Were havingdinner right

now.
He isnt answeringhis mobile at the moment.
What are you doing?
Is it raining?

NOTE
There are some verbs that we dont usually use in the continuous form.

They are often verbs of thinking and feeling, for example:hear, see,
smell, hate, know, understand, want, need.

WRONG: Could you explain that again? Im not

understanding.
CORRECT: Could you explain that again?I dont
understand.