Mental Develomental

Disorder
Elmeida Effendy
Department of Psychiatry

Diagnostic classification
according to ICD-10

I.Disorders of psychological development

1. Specific developmental disorders of speech &

language

1. Specific speech articulation disorder

2. Expressive language disorder

2. Specific developmental disorders of scholastic

skills

1. Specific reading disorder

2. Specific spelling disorder
3. Specific disorder of arithmetical skills
4. Specific scholastic skills disorder
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3. Specific developmental disorder of

motor function
4. Mixed specific developmental disorder
5. Pervasive developmental disorder
1. Childhood autism
2. Retts syndrome
3. Aspergers syndrome

6. Other disorders of psychological

development
7. Unspecified disorder of psychological
development
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II. Behavioral & emotional disorders

with onset usually occurring in
childhood & adolescence

1. Hyperkinetic disorders
1. Disturbance of activity & attention
2. Hyperkinetic conduct disorder

2. Conduct disorder
3. Mixed disorders of conduct &
emotions
4. Emotional disorders with onset
specific to childhood

1.Separation anxiety disorder of childhood

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5. Disorders of social functioning with

onset specific to childhood &
adolescence
1. Elective mutism
2. Reactive attachment disorder of childhood

6. Tic disorders
1. Transient tic disorder
2. de la Tourettes syndrome

7. Other behavioral & emotional

disorders with onset usually occurring in
childhood & adolescence
1. non organic enuresis
2. non organic encopresis
3. feeding disorder of infancy & childhood
4.stuttering

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity

Disorder

Diminished sustained attention, higher

level of impulsivity in a child or
adolescent than expected for someone of
that age & developmental level
3-7 % of pre pubertal elementary school
Boys : girls : 2-9 : 1
Symptoms must be present before age 7
( usually by age 3)
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Autistic Disorder

= early infantile autism

= childhood autism
= Kanners autism
Characterized by deviant reciprocal
social interaction, delayed & aberrant
communication skills & a restricted
repertoire of activities & interests
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Qualitative impairment in social

interaction
Qualitative impairment in
communication
Restricted repetitive & stereotyped
patterns of behavior, interests &
activities

Qualitative impairment in
social interaction

Marked impairment in the use of

multiple non verbal behaviors such as
eye to eye gaze, facial expression,
body postures
Failure to develop peer relationships
appropriate to developmental level
A lack of spontaneous seeking to share
enjoyment interests or achievements
with other people
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Qualitative impairment in
communication

Delay in the development of spoken

language
In individual with adequate speech, marked
impairment in the ability to initiate or
sustain a conversation with others
Stereotyped & repetitive use of language or
idiosyncratic language
Lack of varied, spontaneous make-believe
play appropriate to developmental level
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Restricted repetitive &

stereotyped patterns of behavior,
interests & activities

stereotyped & repetitive motor

mannerism : hand or finger flapping
or twisting or complex whole body
movements
Persistent preoccupation with parts
of objects

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Separation Anxiety Disorder

A. Developmentally inappropriate &

excessive fear of anxiety concerning
separation from those to whom the
individual is attached, as evidenced
by at least 3 of the following :

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1. Recurrent excessive distress when

anticipating or experiencing separation from
home or from major attachment figures
2. Persistent & excessive worry about losing
major attachment figures or about possible
harm to them, such as
illness,injury,disasters or death
3.Persistent & excessive worry about
experiencing an untoward event (getting
lost, being kidnapped, having accident,
becoming ill)that causes separation from a
major attachment figures

4. Persistent reluctance or refusal to go

out, away from home, to school,to work
or elsewhere because of fear of
separation
5. Persistent & excessive fear of or
reluctance about being alone or without
major attachment figures at home or in
other settings
6. Persistent reluctance or refusal to
sleep away from home or to go to sleep
without being near a major attachment
figures
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7. Repeated nightmares involving the

theme of separation
8. Repeated complaints of physical
symptoms (e.g.
Headaches,stomaches, nausea,
vomiting) when separation from
major attachment figures occurs or
it is anticipated

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B. The fear, anxiety or avoidance is

persistent, lasting at least 4 weeks in
children & adolescents & typically 6
months or more in adults
C. The disturbance causes clinically
significant distress or impairment in
social, academic, occupational or
other important areas of functioning

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D. The disturbance is not better

explained by another mental disorder,
such as refusing to leave home
because of excessive resistance to
change in autism spectrum disorder,
delusions or hallucinations concerning
separation in psychotic disoreders,
refusal to go outside without a trusted
companion in agoraphobia, worries
about ill health or other harm befalling
significant others in generalized anxiety
disorder,or concern about having an
illness in illness anxiety disorder

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Treatment

Depends on the type of the disorders

If the obtained symptom came from
environment or family, hence the
effectiveness of treatment determined
by family or environment that
concerned in the treatment strategy

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Treatment for child could be in

form of :

1. Family therapy
2. Environmental
manipulation
3. Play therapy
4. Behaviour therapy
5.Pharmacological
therapy
6. Psychotherapy

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For child with education problems should

be overcome with special school

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For several cases may be :

1. Cannot overcome the environment

2. Environment as the root cause of
the problems experienced by child
3. Dangerous child hurting others or
own self
For these kind of child treated in
special place.
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