MANAGING THE SYSTEM

The system needs to be managed during the production period to maximise:

System capacity
Possible throughput
Availability

CAPACITY CONSTRAINTS
Hardware items of equipment's or facilities are
designed for operating conditions during design phase.
The design parameters will typically be based on
assessments of :
1) Fluid flow rates.
2) Fluid temperatures and pressures.
3) Fluid properties.
4) Required product quality.
Minimum throughput can be described by Turndown
ratio.

 Turndown ratio= (Minimum throughput/design throughput) *100%.

Below the minimum throughput equipment item such as gas compressor
will not function.
Maximum capacity of a system is determined by the component of the
system with smallest throughput capacity.
Equipment increases maximum capacity by monitoring the operating
conditions.
De-bottlenecking
De-bottlenecking improves the project cashflow and NPV .

AVAILABILITY CONSTRAINTS
Refers to the fraction of time which the facilities are able to produce
at full capacity.
Main sources of non availability of equipment item:
1) Inspection and testing.
2) Servicing.
3) Breakdown and subsequent repair.
4) Enhancements.

MANAGING THE OPERATING

EXPENDITURE
During the producing period most of the money spent on the field
will be on OPEX .
This includes costs on
1) Maintenance
2) Transportation
3) Salaries
4) Training.
OPEX Estimation based on percentage of cumulative CAPEX + a cost per
barrel of hydrocarbon production.

 Often the divergence in costs occurs and must be managed.

The objective is to maintain production in a safe manner and
environmentally responsible manner, while trying to reduce costs.
Typically personnel and logistics represent 30-50% of operating costs.
Maintenance costs represent 20-40% of operating costs .

QUESTIONS ?

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