Lecture 10

Galileo and Beidou

Signals

Todays topics

Galileo
Galileo
Galileo
Beidou
Beidou

Services
Signals
Navigation Message
Signals
Navigation Message

Each Galileo satellite will transmit 10

navigation signals in the frequency
bands E1, E6, E5a and E5b, each righthand circularly polarized. These signals
are designed to support the different
services that will be offered by Galileo
and EGNOS, based on various user
needs as:

 OS: The Open Service (OS) is free of charge

to users worldwide. Single frequency
receivers will provide performances similar to
GPS C/A. In general, OS applications will use a
combination of Galileo and GPS signals.
PRS: The Public Regulated Service (PRS) is
intended for the security authorities (police,
military, etc.) who require a high continuity of
service with controlled access. It is under
governmental control.

 CS: The Commercial Service (CS) provides

access to two additional signals protected by
commercial encryption (ranging data and
messages).
SAR: This service contributes to the
international Cospas-Sarsat system for Search
and Rescue (SAR).
SoL: The Safety-of-Life (SoL) Service is already
available for aviation to ICAO standards thanks
to EGNOS; Galileo will further improve the
service performance.

As in GPS, all satellites share the same

frequencies, and the signals are
differentiated by the CDMA technique.
Signals can contain data and pilot channels.
Both channels provide ranging codes, but the
data channels also include navigation data.
Pilot channels (or pilot tones) are data-less
signals, thus helping the tracking of weak
signals.

The spectra of Galileo

signals

A brief description of each signal

follows:
E1 supports the OS, CS, SoL and PRS services. It
contains three navigation signal components in
the L1 band.
The first one, E1-A, is encrypted and only
accessible to authorised PRS users; it contains
PRS data.
The other two components, E1-B and E1-C, are
open access signals with unencrypted ranging
codes accessible to all users. E1-B is a data
channel and E1-C a pilot (or data-less) channel.

E6 is a dedicated signal for supporting the CS

and PRS services. It provides three navigation
signal components transmitted in the E6 band.
The first one, E6-A, is encrypted and only
accessible to authorised PRS users, carrying
PRS data.
The other two, E6-B and E6-C, are
commercial access signals and include a
data channel E6-B and a pilot (or data-less)
channel E6-C.

 E5a supports OS. It is an open access

signal transmitted in the E5a band and
includes two signal components:
a data channel, E5a-I, and
a pilot (or data-less) channel, E5a-Q.
The E5a signal has unencrypted ranging
codes and navigation data, which are
accessible to all users. It transmits the
basic data

E5b supports the OS, CS and SoL services. It is

an open access signal transmitted in the E5b
band and includes two other signal
components:
the data channel E5b-I
and the pilot (or data-less) channel E5b-Q.
It has unencrypted ranging codes and
navigation data accessible to all users. The E5b
data stream also contains unencrypted integrity
messages and encrypted commercial data.

A summary of Galileo signals,

frequencies and applied modulations is
presented in Table

Galileo Navigation
Message
The Galileo satellites will broadcast five
types of data in four navigation messages:
the Freely accessible Navigation
Message (F/NAV)
Integrity Navigation Message (I/NAV),
The Commercial Navigation Message
(C/NAV)
The Governmental Navigation Message
(G/NAV).

Galileo Navigation
Message
Summarizes the contents of the
Galileo messages, with an indication of
the associated channels and services.

The Galileo ephemeris parameters are

Keplrian-like orbital elements as in
GPS. The nominal period update is 3 h
and is valid for a 4 h time interval.
The Galileo almanac is also similar to
the GPS
and Glonass ones.

GPS, Galileo or Beidou broadcast ephemeris

parameters for computing the satellite
coordinates at any observational epoch.
These parameters are renewed periodically
(typically every two hours for GPS) and
must not be used after the prescribed time
(about four hours), because the
extrapolation error grows exponentially
beyond this validity period

The complete navigation message is transmitted on each data

channel as a sequence of frames. A frame comprises a certain
number of subframes, and a subframe comprises several pages

The page starts with a Synchronisation Word (SW) followed by the

data field. After the data, Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) parity bits
are provided to detect the reception of corrupted data. The page
ends with tail bits for the Forward Error Correction (FEC) encoding.

Beidou Signals
Beidou Phase II/III satellites will
transmit right-hand circularly polarized
signals centered on three radio
frequencies in the L band, referred to
here as the B1, B2 and B3 bands

Spectra of Beidou signals: Phase II

(top) and Phase III (bottom).

Beidou services
Two services are foreseen for the Beidou
system:
Open Service: The SPS (or Standard
Accuracy Signal Service) is an open
service, free of charge to all users.
Authorized Service: This service will ensure
very reliable use, providing safer
positioning, velocity and timing services,
as well as system information, for
authorized users.

Message Classification
NAV messages are formatted in D1 and D2 based
on their rate and structure.
D1 NAV message contains basic NAV information
(fundamental NAV information of the broadcasting
satellites, almanac information for all satellites as
well as the time offsets from other systems);
D2 NAV message contains basic NAV and
augmentation service information (the integrity,
differential and ionospheric grid information) and
its rate is 500 bps. The NAV message broadcast by
MEO/IGSO and GEO satellites is D1 and D2
respectively