Disaster

Management

Alpha Breathing

Evocation

Video / Animation

Pre-requisite Knowledge
Damages caused by floods, cyclones and earthquakes to the
human habitation,
Cause for the tilting of buildings, cracks in houses, buckling
of roads

General Objective:
Students will be able to understand causes, effects and control measures of
floods, earthquake , cyclone, landslides.
Specific Objectives:
Students will be able to
1. List the four major disasters (S)
2. Assess the five major causes and effect of floods, earthquake (S & T)
3. Assess the five major causes and effect of cyclone, landslides(S & T)
4. Summarize disaster management of floods, earthquake, cyclone,
landslides (S, E & T)
5. Construct a mind map related to disaster management

Overview
Causes , Effects and
Control measures of
Floods
Cyclones
Earthquakes
Landslides

Definition for Disaster

Geological process like earthquakes, volcanoes,
floods,

landslides

and

other

normal

natural

events which affects human settlements.

Types of Disaster
Natural Disaster- Cyclones, floods, landslides,
earthquakes, tsunami.
Man-made Disaster- Accidents, pollution, fire

Frequently Occurring Natural

Disasters in India
Type

Affected
population
(in million)

Floods

260

Drought

86

Earthquake

400

Cyclones

10

Landslides

10

Earthquake - Occurrence
Occurs due to sudden movement of earths crust
The earths crust has several tectonic plates of solid rock.
These plates move slowly along their boundaries. When
friction prevents these plates from slipping, stress develops
and results in sudden fractures along the fault lines within the
plates. This causes earthquakes and the violent vibrations in the
earth.
The point on a fault at which the first movement occurs
during an earthquake is called the epicenter

Causes of earthquake

Dis-equilibrium in any part of the earth crust.

Underground nuclear testing.
Decrease of underground water level
Deep well disposal of liquid waste

Richter scale Severity of

earthquake
Less than 4
4 to 4.9
5 to 5.9
6 to 6.9
7 to 7.9
More than 8

Insignificant
Minor
Damaging
Destructive
Major
Great

Effects of
Earthquake
Landslides
Collapses constructions
Deformation of ground surface
Tsunami
Great loss of life and property

Earthquake Management
Earthquake- resistant building
Wooden houses- Japan
Seismic hazard map
Salvage

Floods
Causes:
Heavy rain during cyclone
Sudden snow melt
Reduction in the carrying capacity of the channels
Human activities like construction
Clearing of forests for agriculture
Sudden and excess release on impounded water
behind dams.

Effects of flood

Flood Management
Encroachment of flood ways should be banned.
Diverting excess water.
River networking.
Flood forecasts and flood warning.
Using satellites.
Appropriate afforestation.
Instead of raising buildings on flood plain it can
be used for wildlife habitat, parks..

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT 1
1. The most frequently occurring disaster is ---------a) Flood
b) Drought
c) Earthquake
d) Cyclone
2. The point on a fault at which the first movement occurs during an earthquake is
called (U)
a) Tsunami
b) Epicenter
c) Landslide
d) Cyclone
3.
a)
b)
c)
d)

A tsunami which causes damage far away from its source is known as
Local tsunami
Regional tsunami
National tsunami
Distant tsunami

Landslides
The

movement

of

Earthy

materials

due

to

gravitational force.
Causes of Landslides:
Movement of heavy vehicles on the unstable sloppy
regions
Earthquakes, shocks, vibrations create landslide
Erosion in the hills
Mining activities
Construction works

Effects of Landslides:
Blocks the roads and divert the passage
Erosion of soil increases
Damage the constructions
Landslide Management:
Unloading the upper parts of the slope
Improving the cultivation in sloppy region
Developing benches
Concrete support can be made at the base of the slope
Using some chemicals for soil stabilization

Cyclones
Speed various between 180-500 km/hour
Tropical cyclones in the warm oceans are formed
because of heat & moisture.
Tropical cyclones move like a spinning top at the
speed of 10-30 km/hour.
In India cyclones originated from Bay of Bengal
more in number and intensity.
In India cyclone occurs during Oct-Dec or Apr-May.

EFFECT OF CYCLONE
Rains and storm surge often devastate the area
where it strikes on land.
The devastation is more when storm surge and
normal astronomical tide coincide.
Sea water with combined force rushes inlands and
inundates the low lying areas.

Cyclone Management
Satellite images.
Forecasting the weather conditions which reveal the
strength & intensity of the storm.
Radar system is used to detect the cyclone.
Planting more trees on the coastal belt.
Orissa- in 1999, 15 million people affected, 90-95% crop land
affected, 11,500 local schools damaged.

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT 2
1. ---- occurs when coherent rock of soil masses move downslope (R)
a) Earthquake
b) Landslide
c) Flood
d) Cyclone

2. The effects of landslide are not able to control by ------e) Unloading the upper parts of the slope
f) Improving the cultivation in sloppy region
g) Concrete support
h) Satellite images

3. Tropical cyclones in the warm oceans are formed because of

a) Temperature
b) Heat & Temperature
c) Heat & Pressure
d) Pressure & Volume

Discussion

MIND MAP
Earthquake- resistant
building
Wooden houses- Japan

Nuclear testing
Dis-equilibrium
Earthquake

cultivation
Concrete support
chemicals for
soil
stabilization
River networking
forecasts and flood
warning
Afforestation

Heavy rain
Disasters
Disaster
manageme
nt

Floods
cyclone

Snow melt

Heat & moisture

landslides

Unstable sloppy
Mining activities

Types of Disaster

Summary

Floods, earthquake, cyclone, landslides

Major causes and effect of floods, earthquake
Heavy rain ,snow melt
Dis-equilibrium in
construction
nuclear testing.
Clearing of forests
Decrease water level
Sudden and excess release
Deep well disposal
dams.
Major causes and effect of cyclone, landslides

heat & moisture

unstable sloppy regions

Earthquakes, shocks, vibrations
Erosion in the hills
Mining activities

Disaster management of floods, earthquake , cyclone, landslides

Stimulating questions/Analogy/New ideas and Concepts:

1. What you mean by seismic sea wave?
The wave generated by seismic activity such as underwater landslides,
volcanic eruptions, underwater explosions, land or ice slumping into the
ocean
2. What is Catastrophic flood?
flooding due to major infrastructure failures such as the collapse of a dam,
drainage channel modification.
3. What is the difference between a cyclone and a whirlpool?
A whirlpool is a vortex that forms in a body of water and is rarely more than a
few feet across. Most whirlpools suck water downward.
A cyclone is a large scale rotating mass of air with a low pressure center
usually a few hundred miles across. Most cyclones are independent storm
systems.

THANK YOU

Than
k