Microbiological procedures
Culture: Blood, stool or rectal
swab
Colony characteristic :
MacConkey agar
Serological procedures
Serological identification of
Salmonella
Slide Agglutination test
Felix-Widal test
Identification of Salmonella
Sub cultures are done after overnight incubation at
370c,and subcultures are done on Mac Conkey's agar
Subcultures are repeated upto 10 days after futher
incubation.
Investigation
Treatment
In most cases typhoid fever is not
fatal.
Antibiotics such as ampicillin,
chloramphenicol, trimethethoprimsulfamethoxazole, and
ciprofloxican.
These antibiotics have been used
in most developed countries.
Chloramphenicol
Chloramphenicol was the
original prescribed drug to
patients with Typhoid Fever.
However due to certain
side effects, this drug has
been replaced by others.
Chloramphenicol
Resistance
Resistance to ampicillin,
chloramphenicol, trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole and streptomycin
are common drugs used against
Typhoid but have now become
resistant.
These drugs have not been used in
over 20 years.
Typhoid that is resistant to multiple
drugs is known as multidrug-resistant
typhoid (MDR typhoid).
Attention Travelers!
Vaccinations
The vaccine was discovered in
1897 by Almroth Edward
Wright.
There are two types of
vaccinations available:
Inactive (killed) vaccine in a shot
(Vi capsular polysaccharide
vaccine)
Live, attenuated (weakened)
vaccine taken orally (Ty21a)
Typhoid Vaccination
Vaccinations
Vaccine Name
Ty21a (Vivotif
Berna,
Swiss
Serum
and
Vaccine
Institute)
ViCPS
(Typhim
Vi,
Pasteur
Merieux)
How given
Number of
doses
necessary
Time between
doses
Total time
needed to
set aside
for
vaccinatio
n
Minimum age
for
vaccination
Booster needed
every...
1 capsule
by mouth
2 days
2 weeks
6 years
5 years
Injection
N/A
2 weeks
2 years
2 years