Bahan Persentase Pencernaan Hewan Dan Manusia
Bahan Persentase Pencernaan Hewan Dan Manusia
Sumber : CONCEPTS & CONNECTIONS 4th Edition Neil A. Campbell Jane B. Reece Lawrence G. Mitchell Martha R. Taylor
STANDAR KOMPETENSI
Menjelaskan struktur dan fungsi organ
manusia dan hewan tertentu, kelainan/
penyakit yang mungkin terjadi serta
implikasinya pada salingtemas
KOMPETENSI DASAR
Menjelaskan keterkaitan antara struktur,
fungsi dan proses serta kelainan/penyakit yang
dapat terjadi pada sistem pencernaan makanan
pada manusia dan hewan (misalnya
ruminansia)
Figure 21.1A
Figure 21.1E
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Beberapa hewan
memakan larutan,
mengambil partikel
yang terlarut dalam
air
Beberapa memakan
substrat, hidup di
dalam atau pada
sumber makanannya
Figure 21.1B, C
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Beberapa makan
cairan dengan cara
menghipa cairan
makananannya
Figure 21.1D
Small
molecules
Pieces
of food
Pemecahan
Mekanik
Nutrient
molecules
enter body
Pemecahan Kimia
(enzymatic hydrolysis) cells
Undigested
material
Food
1 INGESTI
2 DIGESTI
3 ABSORPSI
ELIMINASI
Figure 21.2
Flagella
Hydrolytic
enzymes
Food
particle
Food
(Daphnia,
a water
flea)
Engulfment
Gastro- of food
vascular particle
cavity
Digestion in
food vacuole
Figure 21.3A
Gizzard
Intestine
Anus
Mouth
EARTHWORM
Wall of intestine
Interior of intestine
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Figure 21.3B
Esophagus
Gizzard
Stomach
Anus
Esophagus
Stomach
Gizzard
Intestine
Crop
Gastric pouches
Mouth
GRASSHOPPER
Intestine
Mouth
Crop
Anus
BIRD
Oral cavity
Mouth
Tongue
Salivary
glands
Pharynx
Esophagus
Liver
Stomach
Pyloric
sphincter
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Small
intestine
Stomach
Small
intestine
Large
intestine
Rectum
Anus
Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 21.4
TEETH
Incisors
Canine
Premolars
Molars
Tongue
Wisdom
tooth
Salivary
glands
Opening of a
salivary gland duct
Figure 21.5
Bolus of food
Epiglottis
up
Tongue
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
(windpipe)
Esophageal
sphincter
Epiglottis
down
Larynx
down
Larynx
up
Esophagus
Esophagus
Sphincter contracted
Sphincter relaxed
Sphincter contracted
Figure 21.6
Bolus of
food
Longitudinal
muscles
contract,
shortening
passageway
ahead of bolus
Longitudinal
muscle layer
Relaxed
muscles
Circular
muscles
contract,
constricting
passageway
and pushing
bolus down
Relaxed
muscles
Stomach
Figure 21.7
Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Interior surface
of stomach
Food particle
Pits
Gastric juice
(mucus, HCI,
and pepsinogen)
3
Epithelium
Gastric
juice
Pepsinogen
2
Mucous
HCI
cells
Pepsin (active
enzyme)
Pyloric
sphincter
STOMACH
Gastric
gland
1
Chief cells
Pariental cells
Figure 21.8
Bile
Liver
Stomach
Gallbladder
Bile
Duodenum of
small intestine
Acid chyme
Pancreas
Figure 21.10A
Table 21.10
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Blood vessel
with blood
en route to
the liver
INTERIOR OF INTESTINE
Nutrient
absorption
Nutrient
absorption
Microvilli
Epithelial
cells
Muscle
layers
Circular folds
Villi
Lumen
Blood
capillaries
Lymph
vessel
EPITHELIAL
CELLS
Nutrient
absorption
INTESTINAL WALL
VILLI
Figure 21.10B
Large
intestine
(colon)
End
of small
intestine
Small
intestine
Rectum
Penyerapan Sisa
air
Anus
Nutrient
flow
Appendix
ProduksiFeces
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Cecum
Figure 21.11
ADAPTASI PENCERNAAN
Adaptasi pencernaan pada hewan vertebrata
Herbivora dan omnivora biasanya memiliki
saluran pencernaan yan glebih pancang
cibandingkan karnivora
Bagian tubuh tumbuhan lebih sulit dicerna
daripada daging
Nilai gizi pada sayuran are less concentrated
daripada daging
Small intestine
Small
intestine
Stomach
Cecum
Colon
(large
intestine)
CARNIVORE
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HERBIVORE
Figure 21.12A
3 Omasum
1 Rumen
Esophagus
Rumen
4 Abomasum
2 Reticulum
Figure 21.12B
Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings