Indias Internal Security

Threats
&
Responses
By Vivek Agrawal

INDIAS INTERNAL SECURITY

THREATS & RESPONSES
Challenges to internal security of India are many and frequent.
The extent and scope of threats are complex, varied and vast.
No other country in the world faces so many threats, with such high intensity, at the same time.
More than 75 per cent of India is affected by one or other threat; and they are not just law and
order problems.
They have increasing external dimension falsifying conventional wisdom that internal security
threats are caused mainly by internal sources.
They threaten the body politic like a cancer.
The state of poor internal security situation is not because of Indias unfavorable strategic
environment but also due to weak internal security mechanism, especially its criminal justice
system.
If appropriate actions not taken, threats may result in the gradual degradation of India.
Renewed set of policies & mechanisms in political, economic, socio-cultural, military &
diplomatic arena.

Indian Boundaries

Land boundaries - 14,103 km

Bangladesh - 4,053 km
China - 3,380 km including McMahon Line - territorial
disputes along its border
Pakistan including LoC - 2,912 km
Nepal - 1,690 km
Myanmar - 1,463 km
Bhutan - 605 km

Coastline - 7,000 km

Elements Of National Security

Boundaries Security
Airport Security
Civil Defense
Cyber Security
Economic Security
Empowerment Of Women
Energy & Natural Resources Security
Environmental Security
High Policing
Infrastructure Security
Military Security
Political Security
Port Security
Supply Chain Security

Indias Security in-charges #1

Ministry of Home Affairs
Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC)
National Crime Records Bureau
Ministry of State for Home Affairs
Department of Internal Security
Defense Ministry
Defence Intelligence Agency (DIA)
Joint Cipher Bureau
Army
Directorate of Military Intelligence
Defence Security Corps
Special Frontier Force
Special Security Bureau
Air Force
Directorate of Air Intelligence
Navy
Directorate of Naval Intelligence
Coast Guard

Indias Security in-charges #2

Ministry of Finance
Economic Intelligence Council
Department of Revenue
Central Economic Intelligence Bureau
Directorate General of Revenue Intelligence
Directorate of Enforcement
Directorate General of Anti-Evasion
DG of Income Tax Investigation
Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB)
Ministry of External Affairs

Guarding The Nation : Armed Forces #1

1 Indian Army
1.1Doctrine, corps, field force
1.1Mountain Strike Corps
1.2Army Aviation Corps
1.3Mechanised forces
1.4Infantry
1.5 Defence Security Corps
2 Indian Navy
2.1Ships
2.2Submarines
2.3Weapons systems
2.4Naval Air Arm
2.5Naval satellite

3 Indian Air Force

3.1Aircraft
3.2Network-centric warfare
4 Paramilitary Forces
4.1Indian Coast Guard
4.2Assam Rifles
4.3Special Frontier Force
5 Central Armed Police Forces
5.1Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF)
5.2Border Security Force (BSF)
5.3Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP)
5.4Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB)
5.5Central Industrial Security Force (CISF)

Guarding The Nation : Armed Forces #2

Other forces
6.1National Security Guard (NSG)
6.2Special Protection Group (SPG)
6.3Railway Protection Force (RPF)
6.4National Disaster Response Force (NDRF)
7 Special Forces
7.1 Para Commandos
7.2 MARCOS
7.3 Garud Commando Force
7.4 Ghatak Force
7.5 Special Frontier Force
7.6 COBRA
8
National law enforcement agencies
8.1 Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)
8.2 Central Industrial Security Force (CISF)
8.3 Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF)
8.4 Indian Home Guard
8.5 Indian Police Service (IPS)
8.6 Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB)
8.7 Rapid Action Force (RAF)

Vigilant Eye On Nation

Intelligence Agencies & Programmes

Defence Intelligence Agency

Directorate General of Income Tax Investigation
Directorate of Air Intelligence
Directorate of Income Tax (Intelligence and Criminal Investigation)
Directorate of Navy Intelligence
Directorate of Revenue Intelligence (DRI)
Intelligence Bureau (IB)
Joint Cipher Bureau (JCB)
Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB)
National Technical Research Organisation (NTRO)
Research and Analysis Wing (RAW)
Signals Intelligence Directorate (SID)
National Counter Terrorism Centre (NCTC)
The National Intelligence Grid (NATGRID)
Telecom Enforcement Resource and Monitoring (TERM)

Responsible for Internal Security #1

The National Security Council (NSC) of India

Organisational Structure
Three-tiered structure of NSC comprises the Strategic
Policy Group, the National Security Advisory Board and a
Secretariat represented by the Joint Intelligence
Committee (JIC).

Responsible for Internal Security #2

Strategic Policy Group

The Strategic Policy Group is the first level of the three tier structure of the National Security Council. It forms the nucleus of the
decision-making apparatus of the NSC. This group consists of the following members:
Cabinet Secretary
Chief of the Army Staff
Chief of the Naval Staff
Chief of Air Staff
Governor of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
Foreign Secretary
Home Secretary
CBDT Chairman
Director of Intelligence Bureau
Defence Secretary
Secretary (Defence Production)
Finance Secretary
Secretary (Revenue)
Secretary (Research) (i.e. the head of the Research and Analysis Wing)
Secretary of the Department of Atomic Energy
Scientific Advisor to the Defence Minister
Secretary of the Department of Space
Chairman of the Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC)

Responsible for Internal Security #3

Joint Intelligence Committee
The Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC) of the Government of India analyses intelligence
data from the Intelligence Bureau, Research and Analysis Wing and the Directorates of
Military, Naval and Air Intelligence. Recently JIC got the first member from Internal Security
Division, Pratiksha Hazarika youngest member ever in JIC for her extraordinary
performance. The JIC has its own Secretariat that works under the Cabinet Secretariat.
National Security Advisory Board
The National Security Advisory Board consists of persons of eminence outside the
Government with expertise in external security, strategic analysis, foreign affairs, defence,
the armed forces, internal security, science and technology and economics.

The board meets at least once a month, and more frequently as required. It provides a longterm prognosis and analysis to the NSC, and recommends solutions and address policy
issues referred to it.

The Laws #1
The National Security Act, 1980
An Act to provide for preventive detention in certain cases and
for matters connected therewith.
Citation - Act No. 65 of 1980
Territorial extent - The whole of India except the State of
Jammu and Kashmir.
Enacted by - Parliament of India
Date assented to - 27 December 1980
Date commenced - 27 December 1980
Status - In force

The Laws #2
National Cyber Security Policy 2013
National Cyber Security Policy is a policy framework by Department of
Electronics and Information Technology (DeitY).
It aims at protecting the public and private infrastructure from cyber attacks.
The policy also intends to safeguard "information, such as personal information
(of web users), financial and banking information and sovereign data".
This was particularly relevant in the wake of US National Security Agency (NSA)
leaks that suggested the US government agencies are spying on Indian users,
who have no legal or technical safeguards against it.
Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (India) defines
Cyberspace is a complex environment consisting of interactions between people,
software services supported by worldwide distribution of information and
communication technology.

Other Issues & Concerns #1

Arms Illegal Manufacturing In India

Caste Related Violence
China Telecommunication Companies In India
Corruption Is Bad For Internal Security
Cases Delay In The Courts
Explosives Sales & Vigilance
Fake Currency
Human Trafficking
Import In Containers. No Good Scanners
Smuggling Of Narcotics
Non Cooperative And Hostile Countries

Other Issues & Concerns #2

Old Ships Drifting & Cutting In India

Passports Issuance
Prostitution Export To Other Countries
Religious Intolerance In Society
Smuggling Of Arms

Other Issues & Concerns #3

Terror Home-grown
Terror - State Sponsored Pak & China
Naxals Maoists
Mafia & Tans Border Criminal Syndicates
Theft Of Vehicles & Recovery
Used Mobiles Imports

Other Issues & Concerns #4

Prisons in India
Types of prisons
Central jail
District jail
Sub jail
Women's Jail
Borstal School
Open jail
Special jail
Other jails

Other Issues & Concerns #5

Social Media

Non Cooperation Of Social Media Giants In The Time Of

Crisis
Whattsapp & Twitter Misuse By Terrorists Underworld
Social Media Use For Rumour Mongering
VOIP Telephony
Social Media based Telephony
inscription of handsets are big threat in investigations

Other Issues & Concerns #6

Borders
Pours Land line boundaries - Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh, China, Myanmar, Bhutan

Pours Sea Fronts

Dhow or Vahans big threats check their movements

What To DO
Plug the holes
Deployment of Geo Fencing system
Fencing in physical format
Human intelligence increase
Villagers are first informers make them friend
Kargil conflict issues
Lack of political will & attention
Sea shore villages & fisherman friendly initiatives
Network of informers building

Other Issues & Concerns #7A

Defense : Measures to ensure national security

Using diplomacy to rally allies and isolate threats

Marshalling economic power to facilitate or compel cooperation
maintaining effective armed forces
Implementing civil defense and emergency preparedness measures (including anti-terrorism legislation)
Ensuring the resilience and redundancy of critical infrastructure
Using intelligence services to detect and defeat or avoid threats and espionage, and to protect classified
information
Using counterintelligence services or secret police to protect the nation from internal threats
Educate and prepare local, state, tribal and federal homeland security leaders
Develop new policies, strategies and organizational arrangements to prevent & respond to future
terrorist or catastrophic events
Define the emerging discipline of homeland security and the curriculum components of graduate and
executivelevel homeland security education
Promote & encourage homeland security collaboration across professional disciplines and all levels of
government
Facilitate the development of a national homeland security education system by using an open-source
model to develop programs, curriculum, and educational tools

Other Issues & Concerns #7B

Defense : Measures to ensure national security

Share educational resources with other academic institutions and agencies to

expedite the development of homeland security programs nationwide.
Emergency preparedness and response (for both terrorism and natural disasters),
including volunteer medical, police, emergency management and fire personnel
Domestic and International intelligence activities, largely today within the FBI
Critical infrastructure and perimeter protection
Investigation of people making and distributing child pornography
Border control, including both land, maritime and country borders
Transportation security, including aviation and maritime transportation
Biodefense
Detection of radioactive and radiological materials
Research on next-generation security technologies
Ties with likeminded international community or countries

Reforms: Internal Issues

Political
Administrational
Judicial
Police
Prison
Media

A Different View

National security and rights & freedoms

Is this matters?
Do we really think about it?
Is homeland security issues are curbing personal
freedom?
What to do?

JAI HIND