CONTENTS
Introduction
Nomenclature
Working
Bias points and operating regions
Investigation of results
Reason for anomaly
Pin diagram.
Available configurations.
Common Base
CONTENTS CONTINUED.
Common Emitter
Common Collector
Introduction to h-parameters.
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION CONTINUED..
NOMENCLATURE
N
Emitter
lead
wire
Emitte
r
E-B Junction
Bas
e
Collecto
r
Base
lead
wire
Collector
lead
wire
C-B
Junction
6
WORKING
Revers
e Bias
Cut-Off
Revers
e Bias
Forwar
d Bias
Revers
eActive
Forwar
d Bias
Revers
e Bias
Active
Region
Forwar
Forwar
Saturat
WORKING CONTINUED
IE
IB
Battery
B2
+
-
+
-
Battery
B1
IC
S
1
S2
Transistor
Biases
11
IE
+
-
Observed
Results:
IE = Large
IB = Large
IB
S
1
Battery
B2
S2
+
-
Battery
B1
12
Battery
B1
Battery
B2
+
-
Observed Results:
IC = 0
(Approximately)
S2
+
-
13
OBSERVED RESULTS
14
IE
IB
S
+
-
Expected
Results:
IE = Large
IB = Large
IC = 0
Battery
B2
S2
+
-
Battery
B1
15
IE
IB
S
+
-
Actual Results:
IE = Large
IB = Low
IC = Large (w.r.t.
base)
Battery
B2
S2
+
-
Battery
B1
IC
16
INVESTIGATION OF RESULTS
17
N
Eo +ECC
IE
IC
VCC
+
-
S2
+
-
IB
VEE
Transistor Amplifier
Biases
18
PIN DIAGRAM
C
B
E
NPN
Notc
h
E
PNP
Emitt
er
Practical BJT bottom
Bas
view
e
Collect
or
21
CURRENT EQUATION
23
C
VCB
B
VBE
VCE
Active 0.7
Posi
tive
and
depe
nds
on
supp
ly
volta
ge
Positi
ve
and
at
quies
cent
point
Satur
ation
Neg
ative
and
very
low
Positi
ve
and
very
low
0.7
24
IC
IB
(m
A)
VCE,SAT
(Volts
)
A)
BC107
10 0.5
0.25
10
0
0.6
15
0
15
0.3
PN2222
A
References:
50 50
1.0
1. https://www.centralsemi.com/get_document.php?cmp=1&mergetype=pd&mergepath=pd&pdf_id=b
0
c107.PDF
2. https://www.fairchildsemi.com/datasheets/PN/PN2222A.pdf
3. http://www.onsemi.com/pub_link/Collateral/2N3055-D.PDF
4,
00
0
40
0
1.1
26
CIRCUIT CONFIGURATIONS
27
28
IC
IE
VBE
VCB
IB
Power
Supply
Power
Supply
29
30
31
32
34
VCB3
VCB2
VCB1
IE
VCB3>VCB2>VCB1
Early effect playing its
part
IE2
IE1
VTH
VBE
35
Available configurations.
Common Base
Common Emitter
Common Collector
Output Characteristics
Uses
Introduction to Hybrid-parameters.
36
37
38
IE
Forward Transfer Characteristics
39
40
41
IB
VCE
VBE
IE
Power
Supply
Power
Supply
42
43
44
VCB3
VCB2
VCB1
VCB3>VCB2>VCB1
VTH
VBE
(Volts)
45
46
47
48
49
COMMON COLLECTOR
CONFIGURATION
Objectives:
50
COMMON COLLECTOR
CONFIGURATION
IC
IB
+
-
VCE
VBE
IE
+
Power
Supply
51
COMMON COLLECTOR
CONFIGURATION
Common Collector Current Gain:
COMMON COLLECTOR
CONFIGURATION
53
COMMON COLLECTOR
CONFIGURATION
where, = +1
54
COMMON COLLECTOR
CONFIGURATION
Uses:
INTRODUCTION TO HYBRIDPARAMETERS
INTRODUCTION TO HYBRIDPARAMETERS
INTRODUCTION TO HYBRIDPARAMETERS
INTRODUCTION TO HYBRIDPARAMETERS
59
INTRODUCTION TO HYBRIDPARAMETERS
60