Morality and External

Actions
Maale, Rachel Marie S.
II-10 BVE

ACTIVITY
COMMERCIAL NIYO,
SHOW NIYO!!

Instruction
Make a short but creative and witty
commercial concerning morality of
man. After the presentation, ask 1
representative from each group to
explain how morality was shown in
the commercial.
3 groups

What to discuss?
I. Introduction
II. What is Human Action?
A. What makes up a human action?
B. Kinds of Human Action
1. Elicited Actions
2. Commanded Actions
a. Internal Actions
b. External Actions

III. What is External Action and its relation to the

Natural Law?
IV. What is External Action concerning Morality?
V. Modifiers of Human Act
VI. Challenge
VII. Conclusion

 Scholars often called ethics as moral

philosophy
The primary focus of moral philosophy is
human actions most especially, its morality
Human actions is the major point of moral
philosophy
Ethics doesnt care about animal actions but
human actions

Introduction

 Defined as those actions

which man performs
knowingly, freely, and
voluntarily
We refer these actions as
deliberate, intentional or
voluntary

What is Human Action?

What makes up a
human action?
Knowledge / Reason
Voluntariness / Will
Choice / Free Will

 Elicited Acts are those performed by

the will and are not bodily externalized.
Examples:
Wish, Intention, Consent, Election, Fruition

Kinds of
Human Action

 Commanded acts are those done

either by mans mental or bodily
powers under the commands of the
will.
- Internal actions
- External actions

Kinds of
Human Action

 The physical or sensibly perceptible

side of a human action.
It is that which the one who
performs the act and others can
see or otherwise perceive by their
senses.
They are the normal means for
expressing, continuing, intensifying,
or of repeating an internal act.

What is External Action?

 Law is inseparable from moral

philosophy
Moral Philosophy is governed by law
and law is the basis of moral philosophy
Law is concerned with the externality of
the act either it is morally good or
morally bad

Natural Law and

External Action

External Actions can either be a:

Moral action
Immoral action
Amoral action
Since human (external) actions are
guided by reason and will, then
person performing the acts is liable
of such acts.
He or she must be responsible of it.

Morality and External Action

Modifiers of
Human Acts
1. Ignorance
- Vincible
- Invincible
- Affected
2. Passion
-Antecedent
-Consequent
3. Fear
4. Violence
5. Habit
6. Temperament
7. Pathological States

Ignorance
Is the absence of knowledge which
a person ought to possess

Ignorance
Vincible Ignorance
- can easily be reminded through ordinary
diligence and reasonable efforts
Invincible Ignorance
- is the type which a person possesses
without awareness of it or having
awareness of it, lacks the means to rectify
it
Affected Ignorance
- is the type which a person keeps by positive
efforts in order to escape responsibility or
blame

Passion
influences human action
are powerful emotions or appetites,
such as grief, anger, love, hatred or
greed.

Passion
Antecedent Passion
- are those that precede an act
Consequent Passion
- are those that are intentionally
aroused and kept.

Fear
is the disturbance of the mind of a
person who is confronted by an
impending danger or harm to
himself or loved ones
is an instinct for self-preservation
an emotional reaction arising from
an impending danger

Violence
refers to any physical force exerted
on a person by another free agent
for the purpose of compelling the
said person to act against the will

Habit
As defined by Glenn, is a lasting
readiness and facility, born of
frequently repeated acts, for acting
in a certain manner.
It is an inclination that is also
difficult to remove

Temperament
is the sum of the persons
propensities as opposed to
character, which is the collection of
a persons acquired propensities,
such as habits.

Pathological States
Blur the knowledge and weaken the
will
this include mental illnesses or
insanity

TODAY: As a Values
Education Major
TOMORROW: As a Values
Education Teacher

Challenge

We all make choices (actions), but in

the end, our choices (actions) make
us.
- Ken Lavine

Conclusion

QUESTIONS?
CLARIFICATIONS?
SUGGESTIONS?
VIOLENT REACTIONS?

Referrences
http
://www.katapi.org.uk/MoralTH/Ch3.htm
https://
www.marxists.org/reference/subject/et
hics/kant/morals/ch03.htm
https
://www.catholicculture.org/culture/lib
rary/dictionary/index.cfm?id=33485

Application
Make a creative slogan that
promotes the morality of human
(external) actions.
In a short bond paper