CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

PERFOMANCE
CHARACTERISTICS

PUMP
A pump is a device used to move gases, liquids
or slurries.
A pump moves liquids or gases from lower
pressure to higher pressure, and overcomes
this difference in pressure by adding energy to
the system (such as a water system).
A gas pump is generally called a compressor,
except in very low pressure-rise applications,
such as in heating, ventilating, and airconditioning, where the operative equipment
consists of fans or blowers.

CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
A centrifugal pump is a rotodynamic pump that uses
a rotating impeller to increase the velocity of a fluid.
Centrifugal pumps are commonly used to move
liquids through a piping system.
The fluid enters the pump impeller along or near to
the rotating axis and is accelerated by the impeller,
flowing radially outward into a diffuser or volute
chamber, from where it exits into the downstream
piping system.
Centrifugal pumps are used for large discharge
through smaller heads.

HOW IT WORKS?
A centrifugal pump works by the conversion of the rotational kinetic
energy, typically from an electric motor or turbine, to an increased
static fluid pressure.
This action is described by Bernoulli's principle. The rotation of the
pump impeller imparts kinetic energy to the fluid as it is drawn in
from the impeller eye (centre) and is forced outward through the
impeller vanes to the periphery.
As the fluid exits the impeller, the fluid kinetic energy (velocity) is
then converted to (static) pressure due to the change in area the
fluid experiences in the volute section.
Typically the volute shape of the pump casing (increasing in
volume), or the diffuser vanes (which serve to slow the fluid,
converting to kinetic energy in to flow work) are responsible for the
energy conversion. The energy conversion results in an increased
pressure on the downstream side of the pump, causing flow.

HOW IT WORKS?
Cavitations is the problems in the pump.It is defined as the
phenomenon of formation of vapour bubbles of a flowing liquid
in a region where the pressure of the liquid falls below its vapour
pressure.
Cavitation is usually divided into two classes of behavior: inertial
(or transient) cavitation and non-inertial cavitation. Inertial
cavitation is the process where a void or bubble in a liquid
rapidly collapses, producing a shock wave. Such cavitation often
occurs in pumps, propellers, impellers, and in the vascular
tissues of plants. Non-inertial cavitation is the process in which a
bubble in a fluid is forced to oscillate in size or shape due to
some form of energy input, such as an acoustic field. Such
cavitation is often employed in ultrasonic cleaning baths and
can also be observed in pumps, propellers etc.

PERFORMANCE
CHARACTERISTIC

PERFORMANCE
CHARACTERISTIC

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
Open suction valve and close discharge valve. Select
maximum pump speed by adjusting speed control to
100%.
Open discharge valve fully and allow water to circulate.
Note the volume of flow indicated and decide suitable
increment in flow to give adequate sample point.
Close the discharge valve. When the measured readings
are steady, read all measurements.
Repeat step above. The final measurement
corresponding to the valve being fully open.
Repeat the entire experiment at pump speed
correspond to speed position of 75% and 50%

SAMPLE CALCULATION

SAMPLE CALCULATION