SEMINAR ON

PROJECTED AIDS
PRESENTED BY
MANASHREE
CHAKRABORTY
MSC NURSING 1st
Year

DEFINITION
Audio visual aids are anything by
means of which learning process
may be encouraged or carried on
through the sense of hearing or
sense of sight.
Goods Dictionary of Education

Audio-visual aids are any

device which can be used to
make
the
learning
experience
more
concrete,more realistic and
more dynamic--------Kinder S
James.

CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD
TEACHING AID

Meaningful
Purposeful
Simple,cheap
Improvised
Large size
Up-to-date.
Easily portable.
According to level of students

PRINCIPLES
PRINCIPLE OF SELECTION
PRINCIPLE OF PREPARATION
PRINCIPLE OF PHYSICAL
CONTROL
PRINCIPLE OF PROPER
PRESENTATION
PRINCIPLE OF RESPONSE
PRINCIPLE OF EVALUATION

CLASSIFICATION
OF AV AIDS
NON
PROJECTED
PROJECTED AIDS
AIDS
Opaque projector
Overhead Projector
Slide projector
Film strip projector
LCD projector
Microprojector
Epidiascope.

Models,3D material
pictures, charts,
flannel,graphs,
cartoons,
maps,flashcard,
poster, printed
material

EDGAR DALE
CONE OF
EXPERIENCE

MEANING
Projected aids are
pictures shown upon a
screen by the use of a
certain type of machine.

Advantages of projected
AV Aids
Provides greater enjoyment in
learning.
Stimulates more effective
learning.
Compels attention.
Bring distant past and the present
in the classroom.

OPAQUE
PROJECTOR

A device which displays a

opaque materials by shining a
bright lamp on to the object.
The
opaque
projector
will
simultaneously
project
and
enlarge directly from the original
printed matter, all kind of written
or pictorial matter in any
sequence derived by the teacher.

WORKING OF OPAQUE
PROJECTOR
Consists of two mirrors, one at
top and another at botomn and a
1000 W bulb.
Light rays passes through the first
mirror, then to the object.
Light rays from the illuminated
picture then focuses to the
second mirror ,then projected to
screen by using a convex lens.

PRECAUTIONS
Handle Carefully.
Keep away from moisture
Keep clean
Keep in cool room
Switch off when not in use.

ADVANTAGE
S

DISADVANTAGES

Graphic aids are

projected with
magnification.
No need of clipping
pictures from book
resources.
Flat specimens can be
projected.
Seen by large number
of students.
Stamp size pictures
can also be displayed
.

Require total dark

room.
Large, bulky
machine
Not readily
movable
Electricity
required.
Difficult
maintenance
.

OHP

USING AN OHP

PREPARING A TRANSPARENCY
By writing on cellophane sheets
with the help of OHP pen.
Write horizontally on the
transparency.
Colored pens should be used.
Xeroxing from any printed
material.
Donot overload the transparency.

RULE OF 6 FOR
PREPARING
TRANSPARENCY

SIX lines per transparency.

SIX words per line.
SIX mm Smallest letter
size.
SIX cm(33) On each side
margin.

ADVANTAGES OF OHP
Permits teacher to stand infront of
class while using OHP.
Teacher can maintain eye contact
and observe students reactions.
Can be used in a fairly well lighted
room.
Graphics and writings can be
shown very clearly and colourfully.

FILM STRIP

INSTRUCTION
Preview film strips before using them
Should be introduced appropriately,
relationship to the topic should be
brought out
After showing film strips , follow up
discussion and summary is necessary.
Use pointer to direct attention to
specific details on the screen.
Pupil should develop interest.
Teacher and pupil should learn

SLIDES
A Slide is a small piece of
transparent material on
which a single pictorial
image or scene or graphic
image
has
been
photographed
or
reproduced other wise.

Size of the slide range

from 2x2 or 4.5x4
inches.
Slides can be made
from photographs and
pictures.

COMMONLY USED
SLIDES
MARKER SLIDE
SILHOUETTE

ETCHED SLIDE

FILM STRIP PROJECTOR

PROJECTOR

&

SLIDE

STRUCTURE
Consists of metal case having
concave lens.
500 w or 1000 w straight filament
bulb.
Condenser illuminate the slide.
Metal core fitted with a small
exhaust fan to blow out excess
heat.
A slide frame or a film strip carrier.

USING SLIDE PROJECTOR &

FILM PROJECTOR
Place projector on a rigid and
stable table.
Place screen at a appropriate
place.
Insert the slide and film strip
carrier
Plug into the socket.
Darken the room.

Switch the cooling fan first and

then bulb.
Focus the image.
Present slides or strips
sequentially.
Switch off the bulb first and then
fan
Unplug and store in the
box.

ADVANTAGES
Convenient
to
FILM STRIPS
SLIDE
Attract attention.
handle and carry.
Easily stored ,takes
Arouse interest.
little space
Can be stored
Can be projected
and carried out
on screen or wall or
easily.
paper screen as
Facilitate teacher
convenience and
demand of
student
teaching situation.
participation

LCD
PROJECTO
R

FEATURES
Type of video projector for
displaying video, images, or
computer data on a screen or
other flat surface.
Modern equivalent of the
slide projector or OHP
Came with zoom lens to
adjust size of images.

To display images LCD projectors

typically send light from a metal
halide lamp through dichroic filters
that separates light to three
polysilicon panels- red, green,blue
components for the video signals.
Best quality image is found using a
blank white, grey,or black screen.
VGA port for connecting to computer.

POWER POINT
PRESENTATION

GUIDELINES
Limit number of Slides
Ensure text contrasts with the background.
Avoid patterned background.
Standardize colour position and styles.
Use one or two animation or transition effects.
Make sure your presentation is easy on eyes.
Never include anything that makes you
announce I dont know if everyone can read
this.
Leave out the sound effects and background
music.

DISADVANTAGES

Requires a darker room

Time consuming
Require skill
Technical fault can rise.
Depend on electricity
Overheated
Need high cost maintenance.

MICROPROJECTO
R

 Designed to project the microfilm

slides or microscopic slides to a group
of students simultaneously.
Consists of - a projection lens, a plane
mirror at 45 angle to vertical plane
and a vertical ground glass screen.
MICROFILM: Photographed reading
material, 35mm film
When microfilm is passed through
micro projector enlarged image is
formed on the ground glass screen
and the observer can read the matter.

D
I
P
E

C
S
IA

E
P
O

ADVANTAGES

Project any material

(film,slides)
Used for magnification
purpose
Deal with big classes.
Helps in motivation.

DISADVANTAGES

Very heavy
Very costly machine.
Requires darkroom for
projection.

IF I HEAR,I FORGET,IF I
SEE, I
REMEMBER,IF I
DO,I KNOW.

THANK
YOU