ANAK
Badai Buana Nasution, dr, M.Ked(Ped),
Sp.A
Divisi Emergensi & Intensivi Anak (ERIA)
FK USU / RSUP HAM
Takikardia
Takipnu
Capillary Refill Time (CRT) memanjang
Hipotensi
Penurunan kesadaran Letargi,
iritabilitas
Tatalaksana
Resusitasi Cairan
Klasifikasi Syok
Hipovolemia
Kardiogenik
Obstruktif
Distributif
Septik
Syok Hipovolume
ETIOLOGI & PATOFISIOLOGI
Volume intra vascular Perfusi jaringan <<<
Syok pada bayi dan anak >>
Etiologi:
Perdarahan
Kehilangan cairan dan elektrolit
Kehilangan plasma
Menyebabkan
SV
CO
Kehilangan akut:
10-15% Volume darah Terkompensasi
>25% Syok
Manifestasi Klinis
Tachycardia
Skin mottling
Prolonged capillary refill
Cool extremities
UOP
Hypotensive
Lethargy / comatose
Monitoring Syok
CVP:
< 10 mmHg fluid infusion until preload is reach
>10 mmHg indication: flow-direct thermo dilution
pulmonary artery catheter and/or echocardiogram
SYOK KARDIOGENIK
Tanda & Gejala
Takikardi
Hipotensi
Oliguria
Asidosis
Akral DIngin
Penurunan kesadaran
Hepatomegali
Distensi vena jugular
Pucat
Edema perifer
TERAPI
Suplai oksigen jaringan
pemakaian oksigen jaringan
Koreksi kelainan metabolik
Kontraktilitas miokard: inotropic agent
catecholamine: nor epinephrine, epinephrine,
dopamine & dobutamine
Syok Obstruktif
Syok Distributif
Syok Septik
/ or >10% immature
neutrophils
STATUS EPILEPTIKUS
KONVULSIVUS PADA ANAK
Definisi
Etiologi
Patofisiologi
Status epileptikus
refrakter
Propofol
Tiopental
Dosis 5 8 mg/kg/IV
Neurology 2005; 65:591-2
Maksimal 80 mg/kg/IV
Pediatr Neurol 2006;34:62-5
Tatalaksana umum
Prognosis
STATUS ASMATIKUS
PADA ANAK
Asthma, 2 aspects
Asma Kronik
Asma
Asma Akut
Asma Kronik
1. Episode
jarang
2. Episode
sering
3.
Asma
Persisten
Asma Akut
1. Serangan
ringan
2. Serangan
Moderat
3. Serangan
berat
Asthma
Triggers
Failed of
long term
management
Acute attacks
Inhalant
house dustmite
Smoke
Food
Pathophysiology of acute
asthma
triggers
bronchoconstriction, edema, secretion
Airway obstruction
Atelectasis
surfactant
non-uniform
ventilation
Lung
hyperinflation
Ventilation-perfusion
mismatch
Compliance
disturbances
Alveolar hypoventilation
breathing
acidosis
Pulmonary
vasoconstriction
work of
PaCO2
PaO2
Bronchus
Bronchus
no symptoms
very fragile
very sensitive
constrict easily
attack
muscle spasm
wall oedema
hyper secretions
Bronchus
Bronchus
Pemicu Asma
Batuk terus-menerus
Dispnea, susah nafas
Wheezing
Takipnu, Nafas cepat
Nyeri dada
Susah bicara
Sianosis
Nebulization 1-2 x
Good response
-Agonist
Partially response
Bronchodilator
Good response
Discharge
Oxygen
Nebulization
Oral steroid
IVFD
Poor response
Hospitalization
Oxygen
Nebulization
IVFD: rehydration
Systemic steroid
Aminophylline
Terapi Oksigen
Mengurangi Hipoksemia
Target Saturasi oksigen> 95%
Dititrasi dengan panduan oksimetri
Terapi Inhalasi
Mukolitik: memperburuk!!!!
IVFD
Terapi untuk dehidrasi
Intake ok dispnu
muntah
Steroid
Intravenous / oral
Anti inflamasi
Steroid inhalasi: kontroversial
Aminofilin
Obat2an Lain
Steroid Inhalasi
Kontroversial
Dosis tinggi (1600-2000 mg)
Kurangi serangan asma
Tidak efektif pd Asma Berat
Terapi alternatif
Follow UP
TERIMA
KASIH