SEDIMENTARY

ENVIRONMENT

Sedimentology

Thestudyoftheprocessesthaterode,
transportanddepositsediments

SedimentaryPetrology
Thestudyofthecharacteristicsand
originofsedimentaryrocks.

SedimentaryBasin

In a very broad sense, all those areas in which

sediments can accumulate to considerable thickness
and be preserved for long geological time periods

LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN
adalah : suatu tempat dimana terdpt proses sedimentasi
yg dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor fisik, kimiawi & biologi
dari tempat tersebut, pada suatu waktu tertentu
The relationship between sedimentary
environmental and sedimentary facies
Cause
(sebab)

Proses
- Fisis
- Khemis
- Biologi

Sedimentary
environment

Sumber : (Selley, 1970)

Effect
(akibat)
- Erosional
- Non depositional - Depositional
-

Geometri
Lithology
Sedimentary
structure
Peleo curents
Fosils

The basic approach to finding net how a

sediments was deposited
OBSERVASI

Geometry
Lithology
Fosils
Sedimentary
structure
- Peleocurrents
-

INTERPRETASI

Sedimentary
environments and
paleo geography

Compare with recent

sediments
Sumber : (Selley, 1970)

PREDICT

- Location
- Geometry
- Trend of
economis
- Materials

CLASIFICATION OF MARINE ENVIRONMENTS (TIPSWORD, 1966)

neritic
High tide

Low tide

oceanic
20 m

100 m

200 m

500 m

SEA LEVEL

transitional
continental
(non marine)

PELAGIC

Inner shelf

Nb : Bentonik
(bottom dwelling forms)
- Continental (non marine)
- Transitional (brackish water)
- Inner shelf (inner neritic)
- Middle shelf (middle neritic)
- Outer shelf (outer neritic)
- Upper slope
- Lower slope
- Abyssal (2500 6000 m)
- Hadal (>6000 m)

middle shelf

500

outer shelf

Pelagic
(Free from direct dependence on bottom or shore)
- Nektonik (free swimming foms)
- Planktonik (floating forms)

1000
upper slope

PELAGIC
1500
lower slope
lower bathyal

2000

2500

BATHYAL

ABYSSAL
HADAL

BATIMETRI

Paleobathymetry Distribution in Marine

Environment

Transitional/Mixed Env.

Klasifikasi lingkungan laut menurut Tipsword et al. (1966)

SEDIMENTASI

MEDIA TRANSPORT & LINGKUNGAN

PENGENDAPAN
HASIL PELAPUKAN DAPAT :

a. Tetap ditempatnya semula (residual deposit)

b. Ditransport ketempat lain (placer deposit)
MEDIA TRANSPORT TERDIRI ATAS :

a. Gaya gravitasi
b. Angin
c. Es
d. Air
LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN :

a. Darat (padangpasir, sungai, danau, rawa)

b. Transisi (estuarine, delta, pantai, lagoon)
c. Laut (neritik, batyal, abyssal, hadal)

Tempat pengendapan sedimen

Sedimen yang ditransport oleh air pada akhirnya

diendapkan kedalam cekungan
Cekungan (basin) adalah suatu depresi dimana terjadi
pengendapan sedimen yang berasal dari tinggian
disekitarnya. Cekungan dapat mempunyai bentuk seperti
amphiteater, membundar, memanjang atau bentuk
lainnya.
Antara dua cekungan yang berdampingan dibatasi oleh
tinggian (high)
Basement (batuan dasar) adalah batuan yang mendasari
suatu cekungan

PENGISIAN CEKUNGAN
Cekungan akan terisi oleh berbagai macam
bahan :

Sedimen yang berasal dari pelapukan mekanis batuan

dengan berbagai macam ukuran

Larutan dari berbagai macam unsur kimia yang berasal

dari pelapukan kimia

Organisme mikro maupun makro baik berasal dari

binatang maupun tumbuhan yang terdapat dalam
cekungan tersebut

LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN
SEDIMEN

CONTINENTAL / DARAT
2. COASTAL / TRANSISI
3. MARINE / LAUT
1.

LINGKUNGAN
PENGENDAPAN

DARAT

TRANSISI

LAUT

Sedimentary Environments

DARAT
Aluvial Fan / kipas darat
Lacustrin / danau
Eolian / angin
Fluvial / sungai

Lake

Aluvial fan

Fluvialtil

Continental - Fluvial

Continental - Glacial

Continental - Desert/Arid

Continental - Desert/Arid

Continental
Lacustrine

Swamp/Bog

TRANSISIONAL
Pantai / Shore
Estuaria
Delta

Pantai & Estuaria

Transisional

Deltaik

Beach & Tidal Zone

Transitional (Coastlines):
Beach & Tidal Zone

Transitional: Deltas & Estuaries

Transitional: Tidal Glaciers

Transitional: Barrier Islands

Transitional: Reef & Lagoon

MARINE
Shelf / Neritik
Slope / Batial

ShallowMarine

MARINE

DeepMarine

CONTINENTAL SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENTS

Copyright
ALLUVIAL FAN

1998 Pamela J. W. Gore

FLUVIAL

LACUSTRINE

DESERT (DUNES)

PALUDAL

Rock Type

Breccia,
conglomerate,
arkose

Conglomerate,
sandstone,
siltstone, shale

Siltstone, shale, limestone, or

evaporites (gypsum)

Quartz arenite
(sandstone) or
gypsum

Peat, coal,
black shale,
siltstone

Composition

Terrigenous

Terrigenous

Terrigenous, carbonate, or
evaporite

Terrigenous or
evaporite

Terrigenous

Color

Brown or red

Brown or red

Black, brown, gray, green

Yellow, red, tan,

white

Black, gray,
or brown

Grain Size

Clay to gravel

Clay to gravel
(Fining upward)

Clay to silt or sand

(Coarsening upward)

Sand

Clay to silt

Grain Shape

Angular

Rounded to
angular

---

Rounded

---

Sorting

Poor

Variable

Variable

Good

Variable

Inorganic
Sedimentary
Structures

Cross-bedding and
graded bedding

Asymmetrical
ripples, crossbedding, graded
bedding, tool
marks

Symmetrical ripples,
lamination, cross-bedding,
graded bedding, mudcracks,
raindrop prints

Cross-bedding

Laminated
to massive

Organic or
Biogenic
Sedimentary
Structures

---

Tracks,
trails,burrows

Tracks, trails, burrows, rare

stromatolites

Tracks, trails

Root
marks,
burrows

Fossils

---

Rare freshwater
shells, bones, plant
fragments

Freshwater shells, fish,

bones, plant fragments

---

Plant
fossils, rare
freshwater
shells,
bones, fish

TRANSITIONAL SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENTS

Copyright
DELTA

1998 Pamela J. W. Gore

BARRIER BEACH

LAGOON

TIDAL FLAT

Rock Type

Sandstone, siltstone,
shale, coal

Quartz arenite, coquina

Siltstone, shale, limestone,

oolitic limestone or gypsum

Siltstone, shale,
calcilutite, dolostone or
gypsum

Composition

Terrigenous

Terrigenous or
carbonate

Terrigenous, carbonate, or
evaporite

Terrigenous,
carbonate, or evaporite

Color

Brown, black, gray,

green, red

White to tan

Dark gray to black

Gray, brown, tan

Grain Size

Clay to sand
(Coarsening upward

Sand

Clay to silt

Clay to silt

Grain Shape

---

Rounded to angular

---

---

Sorting

Poor

Good

Poor

Variable

Inorganic
Sedimentary
Structures

Cross-bedding, graded
bedding

Cross-bedding,
symmetrical ripples

Lamination, ripples, crossbedding

Lamination,
mudcracks, ripples,
cross-bedding

Organic or
Biogenic
Sedimentary
Structures

Trails, burrows

Tracks, trails, burrows

Trails, burrows

Stromatolites, trails,
tracks, burrows

Fossils

Plant fragments, shells

Marine shells

Marine shells

Marine shells

MARINE SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENTS

Copyright
REEF

1998 Pamela J. W. Gore

CONTINENTAL
SHELF

CONTINENTAL SLOPE AND

RISE

ABYSSAL PLAIN

Rock Type

Fossiliferous
limestone

Sandstone, shale,
siltstone, fossiliferous
limestone, oolitic
limestone

Litharenite, siltstone, and shale (or

limestone)

Shale, chert, micrite,

chalk, diatomite

Composition

Carbonate

Terrigenous or
carbonate

Terrigenous or carbonate

Terrigenous or
carbonate

Color

Gray to white

Gray to brown

Gray, green, brown

Black, white red

Grain Size

Variable,
frameworks, few to
no grains

Clay to sand

Clay to sand

Clay

Grain Shape

---

---

---

---

Sorting

---

Poor to good

Poor

Good

Inorganic
Sedimentary
Structures

---

Lamination, crossbedding

Graded bedding, cross-bedding,

lamination, flute marks, tool marks
(turbidites)

Lamination

Organic or
Biogenic
Sedimentary
Structures

---

Trails, burrows

Trails, burrows

Trails, burrows

Fossils

Corals, marine
shells

Marine shells

Marine shells, rare plant fragments

Marine shells
(mostly microscopic)

Latihan 2 : Korelasi Stratigrafi

Lintasan Korelasi Sumur

Latihan 2 : Korelasi Stratigrafi

Latihan 2 : Korelasi Stratigrafi

Latihan 2 : Korelasi Stratigrafi

Latihan 2 : Korelasi Stratigrafi

Latihan 1 : Interpretasi Log

Latihan 1 : Interpretasi Log

Latihan 1 : Interpretasi Log