to Physics 24.
PHYSICS 24
Engineering Physics II
Spring 2013
Announcements
Makesureyoupickupthehandoutscontaining:
CourseHandbook
Syllabus
StartingEquations
SpecialHomeworkassignments.
TherewillbeaquizoverthismaterialonWednesday!
Gotohttp://campus.mst.edu/physics/courses/24lab/Fall%202013/toget
alabschedule.There are no labs this week. Odd-numbered
sections meet next week (3L05 is odd, 3L06 is even).
Previous Text
Chapter 21
Chapter 22
Chapter 23
Chapter 24
Chapter 25
Chapter 26
Chapter 27
Chapter 28
Chapter 29
Chapter 32
Chapter 33
Chapter 34
Chapter 35
Chapter 36
Current Text
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Chapter 13
Chapter 14
Fromthesyllabus:
1. Tuesday, August 20
1: 18, 29, 38, 74, Special Homework #1
Yourrecitationinstructorwillcallstudentstotheboardtowork
homeworkproblemstomorrow.Youmayuseyourcalculator,a
blankhandoutproblemsheet,andthestartingequationsheet.
Nothingelse.Wedounderstandthatthisisthefirstweekof
class.
Thissemesterwestudyelectromagneticforcesandtheir
consequences.
Theseforcesareresponsibleforholdingtogetherliving
andman-madethings,aswellasallthingsinnature,soI
supposetheyareworthstudying
nottomentionthefactthatthetechnologythat
dominatesyourlifedependsonelectromagneticforces.
Todays agenda:
Electric Charge.
Just a reminder of some things you learned back in grade school.
Electric Charge
Static Electricity
Therearetwokindsofcharge.
Properties of charges
likechargesrepel
unlikechargesattract
chargescanmovebutchargeisconserved
Law of conservation of charge:thenetamountofelectric
chargeproducedinanyprocessiszero.(Not on your starting equation
sheet, but a fact that you can use any time.)
Althoughtherearetwokindsofchargedparticlesinanatom,
electronsarethechargesthatusuallymovearound.
+
Aprotonisroughly2000timesmoremassivethanan
electron.
Chargesarequantized(comeinunitsofe=1.6x10-19C).
Thechargeofanelectronise=1.6x10-19coulombs.
Thechargeofaprotonis+e=+1.6x10-19coulombs.
Todays agenda:
Electric Charge.
Just a reminder of some things you learned back in grade school.
Coulombs Law
Coulombslawquantifiesthemagnitudeoftheelectrostatic
force.
Coulombslawgivestheforce(innewtons)betweenchargesq1
andq2(incoulombs),wherer12isthedistanceinmeters
betweenthecharges,andk=9x109Nm2/C2.
q1q 2
F k 2
12
r12
isonyourstartingequationsheet.
Ingeneral,youneedtobegin*solutionswithstartingequations.
Youmaybeginwithanycorrectvariantofastartingequation.
QA QB
F k
Forexample,islegalandmaybeused.
E
D2
Dontgethungupaboutstartingaproblemwithanequation
whichisanexactcopyofonefromtheOSEsheet.
*Begindoesnotmeanthatastartingequationhastobethefirstthingthatappears
onyourpaper.Itmightbeseverallinesbeforeyouuseastartingequation.
Forceisavectorquantity.Yourstartingequationgivesthe
magnitudeoftheforce.Useyourdiagramfortheproblemto
figureoutthedirection.Ifthechargesareoppositeinsign,the
forceisattractive;ifthechargesarethesameinsign,theforce
isrepulsive.Also,
1
k
4 0
where
0 8.85 1012
C2
.
2
N m
Remember,avectorhasamagnitudeandadirection.
CoulombsLawisvalidforpointcharges.Ifthechargedobjects
aresphericalandthechargeisuniformlydistributed,r12isthe
distancebetweenthecentersofthespheres.
r12
IjusttoldyouitsOKto
useCoulombsLawfor
spherically-symmetric
chargedistributions.
Ifmorethanonechargeisinvolved,thenetforceisthevector
sumofallforces(superposition).Forobjectswithcomplex
shapes,youmustaddupalltheforcesactingoneachseparate
charge(calculus!!).
+
+
+
YourstartingequationsheethasthisversionofCoulombs
Law:
qq
Iwantthisclassto
F k 12 2 ,
12
r12
makeyouhearlittle
voicesinyourhead.
whichgivesyouthemagnitudeF12andtellsyouthatyouneed
tofigureoutthedirectionseparately.
Onyourhomeworkdiagrams,showboththemagnitudesand
signsofq1andq2.
Example: CalculatethenetelectrostaticforceonchargeQ3
duetothechargesQ1andQ2.
y
30 cm
Q3=+65C
60
c
=30
Q1=-86C
Q2=+50C
52 cm
Tobeworkedattheblackboard.Youshouldapplytheexpert
techniquesyoulearnedinPhysics23toPhysics24problems.
IfQ3werefreetomove,whatdirectionwoulditsinitial
accelerationbe?HowwouldIcalculatetheacceleration?
WouldtheaccelerationremainconstantasQ3moved?CouldI
usetheequationsofkinematics(rememberthemfromPhysics
23?)todescribethemotionofQ3?
Todays agenda:
Electric Charge.
Just a reminder of some things you learned back in grade school.
Coulombs Law:
its just part of a bigger picture
Coulomb's Law quantifies the interaction between
charged particles.
1 q1q 2
F =
,
2
12 4 0 r12
r12
+
Q1
Q2
+
like
charges
repel
F21
F13
F31
unlike
charges
attract
+
F21
like
charges
repel
F31
unlike
charges
attract
r
r F0
E=
q0
r
r
F0
E = lim
q0 0 q
0
r
r
F = qE
This is your second starting equation. The equation tells you the direction
of the electric field is the direction of the force exerted on a POSITIVE test
charge. The absence of absolute value signs around q means you MUST
include the sign of q in your work.
r
F0
r
N
The units of electric field are E = =
q0 C
newtons/coulomb.
N V
E = =
C m
The electric field exists independent of whether there
is a charged particle around to feel it.
http://regentsprep.org/Regents/physics/phys03/afieldint/default.htm
Gravitational Fields
The idea of a field is not new to you. You experienced
fields (gravitational) in Physics 23.
r
m1m 2
FG =G 2 , attractive
r12
r
rr
FG
g(r) =
m
Units of g
are actually
N/kg!
rr
g(r) is the local gravitational field. On earth, it is about
9.8 N/kg, directed towards the center of the earth.
If the last
equation looks
like this, you have
missing fonts.
Todays agenda:
Electric Charge.
Just a reminder of some things you learned back in grade school.
q1q 2
F =k 2 ,
12
r12
... which tells us the electric field due to a point charge
q is
r
q
E q =k 2 , away from +
r
or
just
E=k
r2
E=k
q
r2
You wouldnt
shove yogurt
down your
toaster, would
you?
You cant expect to just shove the numbers into an
equation and out pops the correct answer.
To experience the optimum user satisfaction from your
physics 24 toaster equations you need to understand
what they mean and think about what you are doing
with them.
r +
field point
r
q
E=k 2 r
r
E1
P
E2
Q2=+e
+
Q1=+e
+
D
r
r r
k Q1 k Q 2
E P E1 E 2 2 i
i
2
D
2D
r
ke ke
5ke
EP 2 i
i 2 i
2
D
4D
4D
A Dipole
A combination of two electric charges with equal
magnitude and opposite sign, separated by a fixed
distance, is called a dipole.
- -q
+q +
d
This is an electric dipole. Later in the course well study magnetic dipoles.
qd
E
4 o r 3
to be worked at the
blackboard
- -q
+q +
d
qd
E
4o r 3
- -q
+q +
d
Caution! The
above equation for
E applies only to
points along the
perpendicular
bisector of the
It
is not a starting
dipole.
equation.
Todays agenda:
Electric Charge.
Just a reminder of some things you learned back in grade school.
r
r
r
F ma qE.
- - - - - - - - - - - - -
+ + + + + + + + + + + + +
v0
+ + + + + + + + + + + + +
v fx vix a x t
1
2
x f x i vix t a x t
2
r
r
F = qE
q
E=k 2
r
r
GmM
FG,pair 2 , attractive
r
The above equation is on the Physics 23 Starting
Equation Sheet, which is posted in the recitation
classrooms. You are free to use Physics 23 starting
equations at any time.
q1q 2
F k 2
12
r12
r
r F0
E=
q0
E=k
q
r2