Bus Protection Scheme

I1

I2

I3

I4

In

Kirchhoffs Current Law I= 0

High Impedance Circulating Current Scheme Compare the current leaving and entering
the bus-bar
Biased Differential Low Impedance Circulating Current Scheme-The operating current is
the vector sum of all the circuit current. Resultant bias is proportional to arithmetic sum of
all the circuit currents.

High-Impedance Differential Scheme

E1

Ud =0

EQUIPMENTS

E1

IR1

E2

IR2

R
E
L (70mA)
A (100-400V)
Y

RCT1
WCT1 E1

IM1
LMA1

RL1

RL2

E2

NORMAL DUTY

VS
EXTERNAL FAULT CT2 SATURATED

VS

RCT2

INTERNAL FAULT

IR
LMA2

E2

WCT2

DIFF
CURRENT

PHASOR ESTIMATION

DIFF.
UNBIASED

DIFF
UNBIASED

DIFF 1

RESTRAIN
CURRENT

DIRECTION
ELEMENT

SATURATION
DETECTOR

in

RATIO MATCHING & SCALING

i1
i2
i3

PRE FILTERING

Low Impedance Differential Protection

DIFF 2

L
O
G
I
C

DIFF
BIASED

Low Impedance Differential Protection(LOGIC)

DIFFL

BIASED BUS DIFF

AND

OR
DIR

OR
SAT

AND

OPERATE
PATT
ERN

DIFFH

INTE
RN

T
UL
FA

AL F
AULT

|Id|

NAL
EXTER

LOW

Ir
HIGH

BLOCK