Future Value
Present Value
Annuities
Rates of Return
Amortization
8-1
Time Lines
0
CF1
CF2
CF3
I%
CF0
I%
2
100
100
100
3
100
8-3
I%
100
75
50
8-4
Compounding and
Discounting Single Sums
Future
Future
Future
Future
Future
10%
100
FV = ?
8-12
After 1 year:
FV1 = PV(1 + I) = $100(1.10) = $110.00
After 2 years:
FV2 = PV(1 + I)2 = $100(1.10)2 = $121.00
After 3 years:
FV3 = PV(1 + I)3 = $100(1.10)3 = $133.10
8-13
INPUTS
OUTPUT
10
-100
I/YR
PV
PMT
FV
133.10
8-14
10%
PV = ?
100
8-15
PV
8-16
INPUTS
OUTPUT
10
I/YR
PV
100
PMT
FV
-75.13
8-17
INPUTS
3
N
OUTPUT
I/YR
-100
125.97
PV
PMT
FV
8
8-18
INPUTS
N
OUTPUT
20
-1
I/YR
PV
PMT
FV
3.8
8-19
Annuities
Annuity:
a sequence of
equal cash flows, occurring
at the end of each period.
Annuities
Annuity:
a sequence of
equal cash flows, occurring
at the end of each period.
Examples of
Annuities:
I%
Annuity Due
0
I%
PMT
PMT
PMT
PMT
PMT
PMT
8-23
Annuities
Ordinary Annuities
1
PV=PMT 1 - (1+i)n
i
FV=PMT (1+i)n - 1
5-24
Annuities Due
FV=PMT (1+i)n - 1
(1+i)
1
PV= PMT 1- (1+ i)n
i
(1+i)
5-25
INPUTS
OUTPUT
10
-100
I/YR
PV
PMT
FV
331
8-26
INPUTS
OUTPUT
10
I/YR
PV
100
PMT
FV
-248.69
8-27
OUTPUT
10
-100
I/YR
PV
PMT
FV
364.10
8-28
OUTPUT
10
I/YR
PV
100
PMT
FV
-273.55
8-29
8-30
10-year annuity
25-year annuity
Perpetuity
8-32
INPUTS
OUTPUT
45
12
-1095
I/YR
PV
PMT
FV
1,487,262
8-33
INPUTS
OUTPUT
25
12
-1095
I/YR
PV
PMT
FV
146,001
8-34
Solving for PMT: How much must the 40year old deposit annually to catch the
20-year old?
INPUTS
OUTPUT
25
12
I/YR
PV
1,487,262
PMT
FV
-11,154.42
8-35
300
300
-50
90.91
247.93
225.39
-34.15
530.08 = PV
8-36
CF
CF
CF
CF
CF
=0
= 100
= 300
= 300
= -50
10%
100
133.10
5%
1
2
2
4
3
6
134.01
Classifications of Interest
Rates
Nominal rate (I ) also called the quoted
NOM
8-39
Classifications of Interest
Rates
Effective (or equivalent) annual rate (EAR
= EFF%) the annual rate of interest
actually being earned, accounting for
compounding.
= ( 1 + INOM/M )M 1
= ( 1 + 0.10/2 )2 1 = 10.25%
8-41
10.00%
EARQUARTERLY
10.38%
EARMONTHLY
10.47%
EARDAILY (365)
10.52%
8-42
I NOM
FVN PV 1
MN
23
0.10
FV3S $100 1
6
FV3S $100(1.05)
$134.01
FV3Q $100(1.025
) $134.49
12
8-44
8-45
5%
2
100
4
100
6
100
8-46
Method 1:
Compound Each Cash Flow
0
5%
2
100
4
100
6
100
110.25
121.55
331.80
Method 2:
Financial Calculator
INPUTS
OUTPUT
10.25
-100
I/YR
PV
PMT
FV
331.80
8-48
INPUTS
OUTPUT
10.25
I/YR
PV
100
PMT
FV
-247.59
8-49
Loan Amortization
Step 1:
Find the Required Annual
Payment
INPUTS
OUTPUT
10
-1000
I/YR
PV
0
PMT
FV
402.11
8-51
Step 2:
Find the Interest Paid in Year 1
8-52
Step 3:
Find the Principal Repaid in Year
1
8-53
Step 4:
Find the Ending Balance after Year
1
8-54
8-55
Interest
302.11
Principal Payments
0
Constant payments
Declining interest payments
Declining balance
8-56