Escola de Lnguas

Refrescamento

Verb Tenses
Definition:
Verb Is a word that conveys action (bring, read, walk, run, murder), or a
state of being (exist, stand)
Basically we have 12 basic tenses:
Simple
Past
Present
Future

Progressive

Perfect

Perfect
Progressive

Verb Tenses
Simple Past
The Simple Past expresses events that happened in one particular time
in the past. It began and ended in the past.

Simple

Past

(Now)

Present

Future

Progressive

Perfect

Perfect
Progressive

Verb Tenses
Simple Past

Subject
Affirmative

I
Auxiliary
Verb Past

Interrogative

Did
Subject

Negative

Main Verb
Simple Past
dreamed

last night.
Main Verb
Simple Infinitive

Subject
I
Auxiliary Verb
Past + not
did not (didnt)

dream

last night?

Main Verb
Simple Infinitive
dream

last night.

Note:
Existem verbos
regulares e irregulares,
ver anexos.
O verbo auxiliar para a
Interrogativa e Negativa
no passado e no
presente o to do
O passado do verbo to
do o mesmo para
todos os sujeitos did.

Verb Tenses
Simple Present
The Simple Present expresses events or situations that exist always,
usually, habitually. Facts and general truths.

Simple

Past

XXXXXXX
(Now)

Present

Future

Progressive

Perfect

Perfect
Progressive

Verb Tenses
Simple Present

Subject
Affirmative

I
Auxiliary
Verb

Interrogative

Do(es)
Subject

Negative

Main Verb
Simple Infinitive
work(s)

a lot.
Main Verb
Simple Infinitive

Subject
I
Auxiliary Verb +
not
do(es) not
(do(es)nt)

work

a lot?

Main Verb
Simple Infinitive
work

a lot.
Note:
Terceira pessoa do
singular leva
sempre s.
No caso de termos
verbo auxiliar esse
que define o sujeito

Verb Tenses
Simple Future
The Simple Future expresses events or situations that will happen in
one particular time in the future.

Simple

Progressive

Perfect

Perfect
Progressive

Past

(Now)

Present

Future

Nota:
O futuro pode ser construido com will ou com be going to.
Use "Will" to Express a Voluntary Action or to Express a Promise.
Use "Be going to" to Express a Plan.
Use "Will" or "Be Going to" to Express a Prediction.
Will menor grau de certeza que no Be going to.

Verb Tenses
Simple Future

Subject
Affirmative

It
Auxiliary
Verb

Interrogative

Will
Subject

Negative

It

Auxiliary Verb
future
will

Main Verb
Simple Infinitive
snow

tomorrow.

Main Verb
Simple Infinitive

Subject
It
Auxiliary Verb +
not
will not (wont)

snow

tomorrow?

Main Verb
Simple Infinitive
snow

tomorrow.

Verb Tenses
Past Progressive
The progressive tenses give the idea that an action is in progress
during a particular time, in this case in the past.

Simple

Past

Present

Future

Progressive

Perfect

Perfect
Progressive

Verb Tenses
Past Progressive

Subject
Affirmative

He
Auxiliary
Verb Past

Interrogative

Was

Subject

Negative

He

Be (Past) + Main
verb (SI) + ing
was driving

when I called.
Main Verb (SI) +
ing

Subject
he

Auxiliary Verb
Past + not
was not (wasnt)

driving

when I
called?

Main Verb (SI) +

ing

driving

when I
called.

Nota:
O verbo auxiliar no
progressive o be.
Ateno terceira
pessoa do singular.

Verb Tenses
Present Progressive
The progressive tenses give the idea that an action is in progress
during a particular time, in this case in the present.

Simple

Progressive

Past

Present

Future

Perfect

Perfect
Progressive

Verb Tenses
Present Progressive

Subject
Affirmative

I
Auxiliary
Verb
Present

Interrogative

Am
Subject

Negative

Be (Present) +
Main verb (SI) +
ing
am working

right now.

Main Verb (SI) +

ing

Subject
I
Auxiliary Verb
Present + not
am not

working

right now?

Main Verb
-ing form
working

right now.

Note:
O verbo auxiliar no
progressive o be.
Ateno terceira
pessoa do singular.
No fazer contrao do
am not, aint calo.

Verb Tenses
Future Progressive
The progressive tenses give the idea that an action is in progress
during a particular time, in this case in the future.

Simple

Progressive

Past

Present

Future

Perfect

Perfect
Progressive

Verb Tenses
Future Progressive

Subject

Affirmative

Auxiliary
Verb
Interrogative

Will

Subject
Negative

Aux Verb (Will) +

Be + Main verb
(SI) + ing
will be sleeping

when she
arrives.
Be + Main verb
(SI) + ing

Subject

Auxiliary Verb +
not
will not (wont)

be sleeping

when she
arrives?

Be + Main Verb
(SI) + ing
be sleeping

when she
arrives.

Nota:
O verbo auxiliar no
future progressive o
will.

Verb Tenses
Past Perfect
The perfect tenses all give the idea that one thing happens before
another time or event. The Past Perfect expresses the idea that
something occurred before another action in the past.
Simple

Past

Present

Future

Progressive

Perfect

Perfect
Progressive

Verb Tenses
Past Perfect

Subject
Affirmative

Auxiliary
Verb
(Past)
Interrogative

Had

Subject
Negative

Have (Past) +
Past participle
had already eaten

Subject

when she
arrived.

Past participle

already eaten

Have (Past) + not

+ Past participle
hadnt already
eaten

when she
arrived.

when she
arrived?

Verb Tenses
Present Perfect
The perfect tenses all give the idea that one thing happens before
another time or event. We use the Present Perfect to say that an action
happened at an unspecified time before now, the exact time is not
important.
Simple

1- XXXXX

Progressive

Perfect

Past

3-X

Present

Future

Note:
1 I have worked a lot.
2 I have worked in the Air Force since 1980.
3 I have just lost my keys.

Perfect
Progressive

Verb Tenses
Present Perfect

Subject
Affirmative

She

Auxiliary
Verb
Interrogative

Has

Subject
Negative

She

Have + Past
participle
has been

Subject
she

in France.

Past participle
been

Have + not + Past

participle
hasnt been

in France.

in France?

Verb Tenses
Future Perfect
The perfect tenses all give the idea that one thing happens before
another time or event. The Future Perfect expresses the idea that
something will occur before another action in the future. It can also
show that something will happen before a specific time in the future.
Simple

Progressive

Perfect

Past

Present

Future

Note: Duas formas possveis:

Will
Going to

Perfect
Progressive

Verb Tenses
Future Perfect

Subject

Affirmative

Auxiliary
Verb
Interrogative

Will

Subject
Negative

Will + Have +
Past participle
will have
received

my promotion
before the end
of the month.
Have + Past
participle

Subject
I

have received

Have + not + Past

participle
will not (wont)
have received

my promotion
before the end
of the month.

my promotion before the end

of the month?

Verb Tenses
Past Perfect Progressive
The perfect progressive tenses give the idea that one event is in
progress immediately before, up to, until another time or event. The
tenses are used to express the duration of the first event. We use the
Past Perfect Continuous to show that something started in the past and
continued up until another time in the past. "For five minutes" and "for
two weeks" are both durations which can be used with the Past Perfect
Continuous. Notice that this is related to the Present Perfect
Continuous; however, the duration does not continue until now, it stops
before something else in the past.
Simple

Past

Present

Future

Progressive

Perfect

Perfect
Progressive
x

Verb Tenses
Past Perfect Progressive
Subject
Affirmative

Auxiliary
Verb
Interrogative

Had

Subject
Negative

Have (Past) + Been + ing

had been running

Subject
I

for 1 hour when he arrived.

Been + ing
been running

for 1 hour when

he arrived?

Have (Past) + not + Been

+ ing
hadnt been running

for 1 hour when he arrived.

Verb Tenses
Present Perfect Progressive
The perfect progressive tenses give the idea that one event is in
progress immediately before, up to, until another time or event. The
tenses are used to express the duration of the first event.
We use the Present Perfect Continuous to show that something started
in the past and has continued up until now. "For five minutes," "for two
weeks," and "since Tuesday" are all durations which can be used with
the Present Perfect Continuous.

Simple

Progressive

Perfect

Perfect
Progressive

Past

Present

Future

Verb Tenses
Present Perfect Progressive
Subject
Affirmative

They

Auxiliary
Verb
Interrogative

Have

Subject
Negative

They

Have + Been + ing

have been talking

Subject
they

for the last hour.

Been + ing
been talking

for the last

hour?

Have + not + Been + ing

Havent been talking

for the last hour.

Verb Tenses
Future Perfect Progressive
The perfect progressive tenses give the idea that one event is in progress
immediately before, up to, until another time or event. The tenses are used to
express the duration of the first event.
We use the Future Perfect Continuous to show that something will continue up
until a particular event or time in the future. "For five minutes," "for two weeks,"
and "since Friday" are all durations which can be used with the Future Perfect
Continuous. Notice that this is related to the Present Perfect Continuous and the
Past Perfect Continuous; however, with Future Perfect Continuous, the duration
stops at or before a reference point in the future.

Simple

Progressive

Perfect

Perfect
Progressive

Past

Present

Future

Verb Tenses
Future Perfect Continuous

Affirmative

Subject

Will + Have + Been + ing

You

Will have been working

Auxiliary
Verb
Interrogative

Will

Subject
Negative

You

Subject
you

for more than two hours when her

plane finally arrives.

Have + Been + ing

have been working

for more than two hours when

her plane finally arrives?

Will + not + Have + Been

+ ing
will not have been
working

for more than two hours when her

plane finally arrives.

Sentence Structure
Practice Verb Tenses
Simple Present / Present Progressive
1. Every Monday, Sally ____ (drive) her kids to football practice.
2. Usually, I ____ (work) as a secretary at ABT, but this summer I (study) French at a language school in
Paris. That is why I am in Paris.
3. Shhhhh! Be quiet! John ____ (sleep) .
4. Don't forget to take your umbrella. It ____ (rain) .
5. I hate living in Seattle because it ____ (rain, always) .
6. I'm sorry I can't hear what you (say) because everybody ____ (talk) so loudly.
7. Justin ____ (write, currently) a book about his adventures in Tibet. I hope he can find a good publisher
when he is finished.
8. Jim: Do you want to come over for dinner tonight?
Denise: Oh, I'm sorry, I can't. I ____ (go) to a movie tonight with some friends.
9. The business cards ____ (be, normally ) printed by a company in New York. Their prices (be)
inexpensive, yet the quality of their work is quite good.
10. This delicious chocolate ____ (be) made by a small chocolatier in Zurich, Switzerland.

Sentence Structure
Practice Verb Tenses
Simple Present / Present Progressive
1. Every Monday, Sally (drive) drives her kids to football practice.
2. Usually, I (work) work as a secretary at ABT, but this summer I (study) am studying French at a
language school in Paris. That is why I am in Paris.
3. Shhhhh! Be quiet! John (sleep) is sleeping.
4. Don't forget to take your umbrella. It (rain) is raining.
5. I hate living in Seattle because it (rain, always) always rains.
6. I'm sorry I can't hear what you (say) are saying because everybody (talk) is talking so loudly.
7. Justin (write, currently) is currently writing a book about his adventures in Tibet. I hope he can find a
good publisher when he is finished.
8. Jim: Do you want to come over for dinner tonight?
Denise: Oh, I'm sorry, I can't. I (go) am going to a movie tonight with some friends.
9. The business cards (be, normally ) are normally printed by a company in New York. Their prices (be)
are inexpensive, yet the quality of their work is quite good.
10. This delicious chocolate (be) is made by a small chocolatier in Zurich, Switzerland.

Sentence Structure
Practice Verb Tenses
Simple Past/ Past Progressive
1. A: What ____ (you, do) when the accident occurred?
B: I (try) to change a light bulb that had burnt out.
2. After I ____ (find) the wallet full of money, I ____ (go, immediately) to the police and ____ (turn) it in.
3. The doctor ____ (say) that Tom ____ (be) too sick to go to work and that he ____ (need) to stay at
home for a couple of days.
4. Sebastian ____ (arrive) at Susan's house a little before 9:00 PM, but she ____ (be, not) there. She
____ (study, at the library) for her final examination in French.
5. Sandy is in the living room watching television. At this time yesterday, she ____ (watch, also)
television. That's all she ever does!
6. A: I ____ (call) you last night after dinner, but you ____ (be, not) there. Where were you?
B: I ____ (work) out at the fitness center.
7. When I ____ (walk) into the busy office, the secretary ____ (talk) on the phone with a customer,
several clerks ____ (work, busily) at their desks, and two managers ____ (discuss, quietly) methods to
improve customer service.

Sentence Structure
Practice Verb Tenses
Simple Past/ Past Progressive
8. I ___ (watch) a mystery movie on TV when the electricity went out. Now I am never going to find out
how the movie ends.
9. Sharon ____ (be) in the room when John told me what happened, but she didn't hear anything
because she ____ (listen, not) .
10. It's strange that you ____ (call) because I ____ (think, just) about you.
11. The Titanic ____ (cross) the Atlantic when it ____ (strike) an iceberg.
12. When I entered the bazaar, a couple of merchants ____ (bargain, busily) and ____ (try) to sell their
goods to naive tourists who ____ (hunt) for souvenirs. Some young boys ____ (lead) their donkeys
through the narrow streets on their way home. A couple of men ____ (argue) over the price of a leather
belt. I ____ (walk) over to a man who ____ (sell) fruit and ____ (buy) a banana.
13. The firemen ____ (rescue) the old woman who ____ (be) trapped on the third floor of the burning
building.
14. She was so annoying! She ____ (leave, always) her dirty dishes in the sink. I think she ____ (expect,
actually) me to do them for her.
15. Samantha ____ (live) in Berlin for more than two years. In fact, she ____ (live) there when the Berlin
Wall came down.

Sentence Structure
Practice Verb Tenses
Simple Past / Past Progressive
1. A: What (you, do) were you doing when the accident occurred?
B: I (try) was trying to change a light bulb that had burnt out.
2. After I (find) found the wallet full of money, I (go, immediately) immediately went to the police and (turn)
turned it in.
3. The doctor (say) said that Tom (be) was too sick to go to work and that he (need) needed to stay at
home for a couple of days.
4. Sebastian (arrive) arrived at Susan's house a little before 9:00 PM, but she (be, not) wasn't there. She
(study, at the library) was studying at the library for her final examination in French.
5. Sandy is in the living room watching television. At this time yesterday, she (watch, also) was also
watching television. That's all she ever does!
6. A: I (call) called you last night after dinner, but you (be, not) were not there. Where were you?
B: I (work) was working out at the fitness center.
7. When I (walk) walked into the busy office, the secretary (talk) was talking on the phone with a
customer, several clerks (work, busily) were busily working at their desks, and two managers (discuss,
quietly) were quietly discussing methods to improve customer service.

Sentence Structure
Practice Verb Tenses
Simple Past / Past Progressive
8. I (watch) was watching a mystery movie on TV when the electricity went out. Now I am never going to
find out how the movie ends.
9. Sharon (be) was in the room when John told me what happened, but she didn't hear anything because
she (listen, not) wasn't listening.
10. It's strange that you (call) called because I (think, just) was just thinking about you.
11. The Titanic (cross) was crossing the Atlantic when it (strike) struck an iceberg.
12. When I entered the bazaar, a couple of merchants (bargain, busily) were busily bargaining and (try)
trying to sell their goods to naive tourists who (hunt) were hunting for souvenirs. Some young boys (lead)
were leading their donkeys through the narrow streets on their way home. A couple of men (argue) were
arguing over the price of a leather belt. I (walk) walked over to a man who (sell) was selling fruit and (buy)
bought a banana.
13. The firemen (rescue) rescued the old woman who (be) was trapped on the third floor of the burning
building.
14. She was so annoying! She (leave, always) was always leaving her dirty dishes in the sink. I think she
(expect, actually) actually expected me to do them for her.
15. Samantha (live) lived in Berlin for more than two years. In fact, she (live) was living there when the
Berlin Wall came down.

Sentence Structure
Practice Verb Tenses
Simple Past / Present Perfect
1. A: Did you like the movie "Star Wars?"
B: I don't know. I ____ (see, never) that movie.
2. Sam ____ (arrive) in San Diego a week ago.
3. My best friend and I ____ (know) each other for over fifteen years. We still get together once a week.
4. Stinson is a fantastic writer. He (write) ____ ten very creative short stories in the last year. One day,
he'll be as famous as Hemingway.
5. I (have, not) this much fun since I ____ (be) a kid.
6. Things ____ (change) a great deal at Coltech, Inc. When we first ____ (start) working here three years
ago, the company ____ (have, only) six employees. Since then, we ____ (expand) to include more than
2000 full-time workers.
7. I ____ (tell) him to stay on the path while he was hiking, but he ____ (wander) off into the forest and
____ (be) bitten by a snake.
8. Listen Donna, I don't care if you ____ (miss) the bus this morning. You ____ (be) late to work too many
times. You are fired!

Sentence Structure
Practice Verb Tenses
Simple Past / Present Perfect
9. Sam is from Colorado, which is hundreds of miles from the coast, so he ____ (see, never) the ocean.
He should come with us to Miami.
10. How sad! George ____ (dream) of going to California before he died, but he didn't make it. He ____
(see, never) the ocean.
11. In the last hundred years, traveling ____ (become) much easier and very comfortable. In the 19th
century, it ____ (take) two or three months to cross North America by covered wagon. The trip ____ (be)
very rough and often dangerous. Things ____ (change) a great deal in the last hundred and fifty years.
Now you can fly from New York to Los Angeles in a matter of hours.
12. Jonny, I can't believe how much you ____ (change) since the last time I ____(see) you. You ____
(grow) at least a foot!
13. This tree ____ (be) planted by the settlers who ____ (found) our city over four hundred years ago.
14. This mountain ____ (be, never) climbed by anyone. Several mountaineers ____ (try) to reach the top,
but nobody ____ (succeed, ever) . The climb is extremely difficult and many people ____ (die) trying to
reach the summit.
15. I ____ (visit, never) Africa, but I ____ (travel) to South America several times. The last time I ____
(go) to South America, I ____ (visit) Brazil and Peru. I ____ (spend) two weeks in the Amazon, ____
(hike) for a week near Machu Picchu, and ____ (fly) over the Nazca Lines.

Sentence Structure
Practice Verb Tenses
Simple Past / Present Perfect
1. A: Did you like the movie "Star Wars?"
B: I don't know. I (see, never) have never seen that movie.
2. Sam (arrive) arrived in San Diego a week ago.
3. My best friend and I (know) have known each other for over fifteen years. We still get together once a
week.
4. Stinson is a fantastic writer. He (write) has written ten very creative short stories in the last year. One
day, he'll be as famous as Hemingway.
5. I (have, not) haven't had this much fun since I (be) was a kid.
6. Things (change) have changed a great deal at Coltech, Inc. When we first (start) started working here
three years ago, the company (have, only) only had six employees. Since then, we (expand) have
expanded to include more than 2000 full-time workers.
7. I (tell) told him to stay on the path while he was hiking, but he (wander) wandered off into the forest
and (be) was bitten by a snake.
8. Listen Donna, I don't care if you (miss) missed the bus this morning. You (be) have been late to work
too many times. You are fired!

Sentence Structure
Practice Verb Tenses
Simple Past / Present Perfect
9. Sam is from Colorado, which is hundreds of miles from the coast, so he (see, never) has never seen
the ocean. He should come with us to Miami.
10. How sad! George (dream) dreamed of going to California before he died, but he didn't make it. He
(see, never) never saw the ocean.
11. In the last hundred years, traveling (become) has become much easier and very comfortable. In the
19th century, it (take) took two or three months to cross North America by covered wagon. The trip (be)
was very rough and often dangerous. Things (change) have changed a great deal in the last hundred and
fifty years. Now you can fly from New York to Los Angeles in a matter of hours.
12. Jonny, I can't believe how much you (change) have changed since the last time I (see) saw you. You
(grow) have grown at least a foot!
13. This tree (be) was planted by the settlers who (found) founded our city over four hundred years ago.
14. This mountain (be, never) has never been climbed by anyone. Several mountaineers (try) have tried
to reach the top, but nobody (succeed, ever) has ever succeeded. The climb is extremely difficult and
many people (die) have died trying to reach the summit.
15. I (visit, never) have never visited Africa, but I (travel) have traveled to South America several times.
The last time I (go) went to South America, I (visit) visited Brazil and Peru. I (spend) spent two weeks in
the Amazon, (hike) hiked for a week near Machu Picchu, and (fly) flew over the Nazca Lines.

Sentence Structure
Practice Verb Tenses
Simple Past / Past Perfect
I can't believe I ____ (get) that apartment. I ____ (submit) my application last week, but I didn't think I had
a chance of actually getting it. When I ____ (show) up to take a look around, there were at least twenty
other people who (arrive) before me. Most of them ____ (fill, already) out their applications and were
already leaving. The landlord said I could still apply, so I did.
I ____ (try) to fill out the form, but I couldn't answer half of the questions. They ____ (want) me to include
references, but I didn't want to list my previous landlord because I ____ (have) some problems with him
in the past and I knew he wouldn't recommend me. I ____ (end) up listing my father as a reference.
It was total luck that he ____ (decide) to give me the apartment. It turns out that the landlord and my
father (go) to high school together. He decided that I could have the apartment before he ____ (look) at
my credit report. I really lucked out!

Sentence Structure
Practice Verb Tenses
Simple Past / Past Perfect
I can't believe I (get) got that apartment. I (submit) submitted my application last week, but I didn't think I
had a chance of actually getting it. When I (show) showed up to take a look around, there were at least
twenty other people who (arrive) had arrived before me. Most of them (fill, already) had already filled out
their applications and were already leaving. The landlord said I could still apply, so I did.
I (try) tried to fill out the form, but I couldn't answer half of the questions. They (want) wanted me to
include references, but I didn't want to list my previous landlord because I (have) had had some problems
with him in the past and I knew he wouldn't recommend me. I (end) ended up listing my father as a
reference.
It was total luck that he (decide) decided to give me the apartment. It turns out that the landlord and my
father (go) went to high school together. He decided that I could have the apartment before he (look)
looked at my credit report. I really lucked out!

Sentence Structure
Practice Verb Tenses
Future Will / Be going to
1. A: Why are you holding a piece of paper?
B: I ____ (write) a letter to my friends back home in Texas.
2. A: I'm about to fall asleep. I need to wake up!
B: I ____ (get) you a cup of coffee. That will wake you up.
3. A: I can't hear the television!
B: I ____ (turn) it up so you can hear it.
4. We are so excited about our trip next month to France. We ____ (visit) Paris, Nice and Grenoble.
5. Sarah ____ (come) to the party. Oliver ____ (be) there as well.
6. Ted: It is so hot in here!
Sarah: I ____ (turn) the air-conditioning on.
7. I think he ____ (be) the next President of the United States.
8. After I graduate, I ____ (attend) medical school and become a doctor. I have wanted to be a doctor all my life.
9. A: Excuse me, I need to talk to someone about our hotel room. I am afraid it is simply too small for four people.
B: That man at the service counter ____ (help) you.
10. As soon as the weather clears up, we ____ (walk) down to the beach and go swimming.

Sentence Structure
Practice Verb Tenses
Future Will / Be going to
1. A: Why are you holding a piece of paper?
B: I (write) am going to write a letter to my friends back home in Texas.
2. A: I'm about to fall asleep. I need to wake up!
B: I (get) will get you a cup of coffee. That will wake you up.
3. A: I can't hear the television!
B: I (turn) will turn it up so you can hear it.
4. We are so excited about our trip next month to France. We (visit) are going to visit Paris, Nice and Grenoble.
5. Sarah (come) is going to come to the party. Oliver (be) is going to be there as well.
6. Ted: It is so hot in here!
Sarah: I (turn) will turn the air-conditioning on.
7. I think he (be) will be the next President of the United States.
8. After I graduate, I (attend) am going to attend medical school and become a doctor. I have wanted to be a doctor
all my life.
9. A: Excuse me, I need to talk to someone about our hotel room. I am afraid it is simply too small for four people.
B: That man at the service counter (help) will help you.
10. As soon as the weather clears up, we (walk) are going to walk down to the beach and go swimming.

Sentence Structure
Bibliography
http://en.wikipedia.org
http://www.englishpage.com