Chapter 9

Characterization of Natural Products

 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy................................................................... 320

9.2.1 One-Dimensional Methods ............................................................................................. 320
9.2.1.1 NMR Parameters.............................................................................................. 320
9.2.1.2 Chemical Shift ................................................................................................. 321
9.2.1.3 Coupling........................................................................................................... 322
9.2.1.4
13
C NMR .......................................................................................................... 325
9.2.1.5 Other Nuclei..................................................................................................... 325
9.2.2 Two-Dimensional Methods............................................................................................. 325
9.2.2.1 COSY............................................................................................................... 326
9.2.2.2 TOCSY............................................................................................................. 326
9.2.2.3 NOESY/ROESY .............................................................................................. 328
9.2.2.4 HSQC/HMQC.................................................................................................. 328
9.2.2.5 HMBC.............................................................................................................. 329
9.2.2.6 HSQCTOCSY/HMQCTOCSY........................................................................ 330

9.2 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

(NMR) Spectroscopy