Problem Solving Cycle

Fauzi Arasj
Adopted
By Kerstin Petrick
https://ansusconsultingblog.wor
dpress.com/

Pengertian
Problem Solving adalah proses mental
yang melibatkan upaya:
menemukan dan menganalisis isu
tertentu ,
mengembangkan strategi,
mengorganisir keterampilan dan
pengetahuan untuk mengatasi hambatan
dan mencari solusi yang layak yang
terbaik menyelesaikan masalah.

 Problem solving
adalah suatu proses mental dan
intelektual dalam menemukan dan
memecahkan masalah berdasarkan data
dan informasi yang akurat, sehingga
dapat diambil kesimpulan yang tepat
dan cermat (Hamalik, 1994:151).

28/01/2016 6:36:41

disain by FA 2016

 Pilihan strategi yang tepat sebagian

besar tergantung kepada situasi
yang unik .
Kenyataannya ada banyak proses
pemecahan masalah yang berbeda .
Namun, semuanya terdiri dari
serangkaian langkah.

 Hal ini berguna untuk melihat upaya

pemecahan masalah sebagai suatu
siklus masalah yang sering
membutuhkan beberapa upaya yang
harus diselesaikan .

Tujuan
1. Memahami masalah secara jelas
dan spesifik
2. Mempermudah menemukan
prioritas
3. Mempermudah penentuan alternatif
pemecahan masalah

 Step Problem Solving

Step 1: Identify the problem
Step 2: Explore possible strategies
Step 3: Set goals
Step 4: Look at alternatives
Step 5: Select a possible solution
Step 6: Implement a possible
solution
Step 7: Evaluate the result

Step 1: Identify the

problem
What is the problem?
The first step consists in recognizing the
existence of a problem that needs to be
solved.
In order to find an appropriate solution,
you need to identify and name the
problem

 While it may seem like an

obvious and simple step, finding
the source of a problem is often
the most challenging part of the
process.

 Secara konseptual suatu masalah (M)

didefinisikan sebagai kesenjangan
atau gap antara kinerja actual (A)
dan target kinerja (T ) yang
diharapkan, sehingga secara
simbolik dapat dituliskan bersamaan
M=T A

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disain by FA 2016

11

 Berdasarkan konsep, seorang problem

solver yang professional harus terlebih
dahulu mampu mengetahui:
Berapa atau pada tingkat mana kinerja actual
saat ini,
Berapa atau tingkat mana target kinerja serta
harus mampu mendefinisikan secara tegas apa
masalah utama,
Kemudian menetapkan pada tingkat mana
kinerja actual sekarang dan kapan waktu
pencapain target kinerja itu.
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disain by FA 2016

12

Step 2: Explore possible

strategies
The next stage is to research the
problem as fully as possible and
to explore possible problem
solving strategies.

 Think about the different elements of

the problem by watching it from
different angles.
Ask the questions such as:
How would another person perceive the
situation?
What would he/she do?
What were the best ideas that my
competitors have had?
Are there existing solutions?

 Explore as widely as possible,

e.g.
through brain storming,
imaging/visualization or other
creative and analytical tools in
order to generate many
potential solutions.

Step 3: Set goals

Goal setting is crucial to reach the
strategic objectives.
Goal setting is a powerful process for
thinking about the ideal future, and
for motivating to turn vision of this
future into reality.

 Key questions are:

What is it that you want to achieve?
What would it be like without the
problem?
What do you want things to be like
instead?
It is important to solve a problem at the
right level

 If you ask questions that are too

broad, then youll never have enough
resources to answer them effectively.
If you ask questions that are too
narrow, you may end up fixing the
symptoms of a problem, rather than
the problem itself.
One effective tool to set goals at the
right level is the SMART criteria.

Step 4: Look at
alternatives
How many different approaches can
you think of that will solve the
problem?
What are the pros and cons of each
approach?
When you have decided what your
goal is you need to look for possible
solutions

 The more possible solutions you

find the more likely it is that you
will be able to discover an
effective solution. You can brainstorm for ideas.
The purpose of brain storming is
to compile a list of possibilities

Step 5: Select a possible

solution
Decide which of the available options
you will choose.
You should be prepared to give
reasons why and be able to show
that this is the best of all options
available.

 From the list of possible solutions you can sort

out, which are most relevant to your situation
and which are realistic and manageable.
You can do this by predicting outcomes for
possible solutions and also checking with other
people what they think outcomes might be.
When you have explored the consequences,
you can use this information to identify the
most relevant solution.

Step 6: Implement a possible

solution
Once you have selected a possible solution put
your plan into action.
Create an action list, which comprises the
following elements:
What needs to be done and by whom?
Can you chunk your plan into smaller bites?
Estimate how many time, money, and effort
will be needed to realize your subgoals.
An essential question to motivate yourself is:
What rewards you will give yourself when you
have done it?

Step 7: Evaluate the

result
After a solution has been reached, it is
important to evaluate the results to
determine if it is the best possible solution
to the problem.
Decide how you will quantify the success
of your problem solving strategy.
Questions are:
How effective was that solution?
Did I achieve what I wanted?
How do I know this?

 If the implemented strategy was

successful in helping you solve your
problem and reach your goal, then
you know that you have effectively
solved your problem.
If you feel dissatisfied with the result,
try alternative possibilities by
beginning the problem solving cycle
again.

SURAK SABEU
WASSALAM