Japanese Occupation and

the Second Philippine

Republic

Introduction

The ten-year preparatory period known as the

Commonwealth Government was rudely interrupted when
the Japanese, looking for territories to accommodate
not only their excess population but also
their manufacturing goods, started
the war
in the Pacific.

I. Philippines prepare for the war

July 26, 1941- Lt. Gen. Douglas MacArthur called back
to service by Pres. Roosevelt.
USAFFE (United States Armed Forces in Far East)
II. Outbreak of the war
December 8, 1941- Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor
December 9, 1941- city of Manila experienced wartime
air raid.

JAPANESE INVASION BEGINS

December
10, 1941

December
11, 1941

December
20, 1941

December
22, 1941

December
23, 1941

December
24, 1941

December
26, 1941

December
30, 1941

January 2,
1942

January 3,
1942

February
20, 1942

May 8,
1942

January 3, 1942
JAPANESE MILITARY ADMINISTRATION
Established by Japanese High Command
Headed by the director-general
Major General Yoshide Hayashi (first
director-general)
Major General Takazi Wachi (second
& last director-general)

Martial Law

curfew and black-outs

disarmed
hostile act
banned
reconditioned
Japanese war notes which invaders printed were

circulated in various denominations. However,

Filipinos called it Mickey Mouse Money

Philippine Executive Commission

Established a puppet government
Composed of prominent Filipinos
Served as an agency
January 8, 1942
Jose B.Vargas, then Mayor of Greater Manila to organize

a civil government
Lost no time
Pres. Quezons last minute instruction
They agreed to comply the mandate

January 23, 1942

Letter of Response
ready to obey the order
for the maintanance of peace and order
promotion of wellbeing

Philippine Executive Commission was established

by Japanese High Command

Jose B. Vargas
Chairman

Benign
o S.
Aquino
Commis
sion of
the
Inferior

Antoni
o de las
Alas
Commi
ssioner
of
Finance

Jose P.
Laurel
Commiss
ioner of
Justice

Quintin
Rafael
Claro M.
Paredes
Alunan
Recto
Commissio Commission Commissi
oner of
ner of
er of
public
Agriculture Education
works and
and
and Public
communic
Commerce
Welfare
ation

Premier Tojo and Philippine Independence

mission -liberator of the oppressed races in East

Asia
intention - Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity
Sphere
purpose prosperity of all Oriental nations
January 21, 1942
the honor of independence
January 28, 1943
The promise was reiterated in Imperial Diet

The Framing of the Constitution

June 19, 1943
KALIBAPI held a convention in Manila
Preparatory Commission Philippine

Independence (PCPI)
Please Cancel Philippine Independence

September 4, 1942: Constitution was brought to the

public
September 7, 1942: ratification of constitution

The Constitution of the Japanese-Sponsored

Republic
consists of a preamble and twelve articles
Provide for the establishment of Republic of the Philippines
Tripartite powers :

Executive (President)
Legislative (National Assembly)
Judicial (Supreme Court and Lower

Courts)
Bill of rights emphasized more on duties and obligations of the
citizen.
Powers of government were concentrated in the president of
the Republic

Birth of the Japanese-Sponsored Republic

September 23, 1942
The National Assembly met in inaugural session
Dr. Laurel elected as president of the Republic of

the Philippines
October 14, 1943
new Republic was inaugurated

(Second Philippine Republic)

Foreign Relations of the Republic

new Republic was recognized by the Axis bloc of

nations
Japanese embassy was established in Manila, in turn

the Republic opened a Philippine embassy in Tokyo.

Assembly of Greater East Asiatic Nations held in

Tokyo
Pacific Charter- up building of Greater East
Asia

Japanese Propaganda
Hodoo-Bu(Propaganda Section of the Japanese

Army)
Asia for the Asiatics!
Philippines for the Filipinos!
Asia is One
Freedom of speech and press was suppressed
Japanese Simbuyansya
Radio Station KZRH (later called as PIAM)
Tagalog and Nippongo were given stress

Other Propaganda Agencies

GETI (Government Employees Training Institute)
Neighborhood associations, patterned after Japans

tonari-gumi , were established in towns and cities.

The leading Japanese propaganda agency was the
Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod sa Bagong Filipinas
(Association for Service to the new Phillipines),
commonly called KALIBAPI.

The Collaborators

1. Ganaps
2. Palaaks
3. U.N (United Nippon)
4. Pampars
5. MAKAPILI

Guerrilla Warfare

The escape of Filipino and American Soldiers

to the hills formed local guerrilla bands.

Communists formed a guerrilla army called

the Huk or Hukbo ng Bayan Laban sa Hapon.

Filipinos Keep Faith with Democracy

The dark years of Japanese occupation

to the Filipino people.

Sources
Gregorio F. Zaide and Sonia M. Zaide; Philippine History and
Government Sixth Edition
Rosario Mendoza Cortez; Philippine Presidents 100 years
Philippine History and Government Conceptual-Chronological Approach
Updated Edition
David Joel Steinberg; Philippine Collaboration in World War II
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