*Alkaloid

Ging vin : Trn Th Phng

MC TIU HC TP

1. Nu nh ngha, tnh
cht .
2. Trnh by cu trc da
vo s phn loi

1. Lch s
1803 - 1804
DE ROSNE; SEGUIN trch ly t cy Phin c mt
cht mui c phn ng base .

1817
SERTURNER trch ly Morphine t cy Phin .

1810
GOMES Kt tinh cc cht t v cy Quinquina

 1819
MEISSNER xp cc cht c tnh kim
thnh mt nhm ring .
Khi nim Alkaloid :
- Hp cht hu c c ngun gc thc
vt.
- Tnh base.
- C Nitrogen trong c cu .
- Dc lc tnh .

2. nh ngha Alkaloid thc vt

Alkali : Kim
Oid : Nhm cht.
L nhm cht hu c , c ngun
gc thc vt ( i khi to thnh bi
s tng hp ). Lun cha Nitrogen
trong c cu, c phn ng base t
hay nhiu, c dc lc tnh liu
lng yu .

3. NGUN GC
Alkaloid tp trung mt s b phn
nht nh : Ht, qu, l , hoa, thn,
r, c
Ni to ra Alkaloid thng thng
khng l ni tch t Alkaloid.

Alkaloid trong cy, trng thi ha

hp vi acid hu c hoc v c.

Vai tr Alkaloid : Cha r!

Cht d tr
Cht thi
Cht kch thch t

4. Tnh cht
Trng lng phn t kh ln.
Alkaloid dng lng ( phn t khngc oxygen ),
dng rn (phn t c oxygen) .
Khng tan trong nc, tan trong hp cht hu c.
Nitrogen thng dng tam cp.
Alkaloid thng khng mu, v ng, v cht.
c tnh trin quang ?

5. Danh php
Tn ring .
Tip v ng ine xut pht t tn loi +ine
V d : Papaverine t papaver somniferum .
Palmatine t Jatrorrhiza palmate.

Tc dng ca alkaloid
Tn ngi + ine

6. Phn loi
Pyridine.
Pyridine Pyrolidine.
Quinoline.
Isoquinoline.
Phenantrene.
Indol

6.1 Nhm Pyridine

Trigoneline ( ht C Ph)

Tng hp Trigoneline

Ricinine ( ht Thu Du )

Alkaloid ( ht Cau )

Guvacine

Guvacoline

Arecoline

Alkaloid (cy Lu)

Peletierine

Isopeletierine

Alkaloid ( Ht tiu )

Piperine

Nhm
Pyridine:

4
5

Ricinine (C8H8O2N2)
Trigoneline (C7H7O2N)
Guvacine, Guvacoline, Arecoline
Peletierine, Isopeletierine
Piperine
22

6.2 Nhm Pirolidine Pyridine

6.3 NHM QUINOLINE

Cy Quinquina

Cinchonine

Cinchonidine