Vidya Bal Bhawan Sr.

FA.2 Activity (2015Sec.

School
2016)
Triangles
(similarity)
Group Number - 6
10th E

Group Members :-

Shubham Kala
Bharat Adhikari
Vikrant Katoch
Vishal Kumar Gautam
Sourabh Semwal

Acknowledgement
Wewould like to express our special thanks of
gratitude to our teacher (Mrs. Shweta Bhati) as
well as our principal (Dr. Shatvir Sharma)who
gave us the golden opportunity to do this
wonderful project on the topic (Triangles), which
also helped us in doing a lot of Research and we
came to know about so many new things we are
really thankful to them.
Secondly we would also like to thank our parents
and friends who helped us a lot in finalizing this
project within the limited time frame.

Certificate
This is to certify that this project on triangles
(similarity) is made by group number and the
members are Shubham Kala, Bharat Adhikari,
Vishal Gautam, Vikrant Katoch, and Sourabh
Semwal. We are thankful to principal sir and to
concerned teacher for giving this opportunity.

Teachers signature
obtained

Principals signature

Marks

Triangles

Contents
Triangles
Definition
Types of triangles
Properties of triangles
Similarity
Similarity criterions in Triangles
Theorems

Triangles
A triangle is a 3- sided polygon. Every triangle
has three sides, three vertices, and three
angles. It is one of the basic shapes in
geometry. A triangle with vertices A, B & C is
denoted as
ABC. In Euclidean geometry any
three points, when non-collinear, determine a
unique triangle and a unique plane (i.e. a twodimensional Euclidean space). Triangle can be
classified according to the length of their
sides and on the basis of internal angles.

TYPES OF TRIANGLE

On the basis of length of sides:

Equilateral triangle
Isosceles triangle
Scalene triangle

On the basis of interior angles:

Acute angle triangle
Right angle triangle
Obtuse angle triangle

Equilateral Triangle
Triangles having all sides equal are
called equilateral triangles.

Isosceles Triangle
Triangles having two sides equal are
called isosceles triangle.

Scalene Triangle
Triangles having no side equal
are called scalene triangles.

Acute angled triangle

Triangles whose all angles are acute
angles are called acute angled triangle.

Obtuse angled
triangle
Triangles whose one angle is obtuse
angle and other two angles are acute
angles are called obtuse angled
triangle.

Right angled triangle

Triangles whose one angle is right
angle and other two angles are acute

Properties of Triangle
Triangles are assumed to be 2-D plane
figures unless the context provides. In
rigorous treatments, a triangle is
therefore called a 2-simplex .
Elementary facts about triangles were
presented by Euclid in books 14 of
his Elements, around 300 BC.

Angle sum property

The sum of the measures of interior angle of a
triangle in Euclidean space is always 180 degrees.[5]
This fact is equivalent to Euclid's parallel postulate.
This allows determination of the measure of the
third angle of any triangle given the measure of
two angles. An exterior angle of a triangle is an
angle that is a linear pair (and hence
supplementary to an interior angle. The measure of
an exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum
of the measures of the two interior angles that are
not adjacent to it; this is the
exterior angle theorem. The sum of the measures

Introduction to
similarity
Recognizing and using congruent and
similar shapes can make calculations
and design work easier. For instance, in
the design at the corner, only two
different shapes were actually drawn.
The design was put together by copying
and manipulating these shapes to
produce versions of them of different
sizes and in different positions.
In this chapter, we will look in a little more
depth at the mathematical meaning of the terms
similar and congruent, which describe the relation
between shapes like those in design.

Similarity

ARE THESE TRIANGLE ARE

SIMILAR
?
ARE THESE
RHOMBUS ARE
SIMILAR ?

What does similar figures

mean?

Does it means that their areas

are equal or something else?

No, this is not

exactly that. By
similar figures we
means that they are
alike in shape but they
can differ in size

Similar Figures are those

figures which looks exactly
the same. For example

Similarity in triangles

WE CAN SAY THAT TWO

TRIANGLES ARE SIMILAR BY
SSS SIMILARITY
AA SIMILARITY
SAS SIMILARITY

AA Similarity
AA similarity state that if
two angle of a triangle is
equal to an angle of
another then the two
triangles are similar.

P
A

C Q

In triangle ABC & PQR,

A=P,B=Q
Therefore triangle ABC & PQR are similar

SSS Similarity
SSS similarity state that if
the ratio of the
corresponding sides of
the two triangle are equal
then the two triangles are
similar.

P
A

In triangle ABC & PQR

AB/PQ = BC/QR = AC/PR
Therefore triangle ABC & PQR
are similar

SAS Similarity
SAS similarity state that if the
ratio of the two
corresponding sides of the
two triangle are equal and
angle between them is equal
then the two triangles are
similar.

P
A

B
B

IN TRIANGLE ABC & PQR

AB/PQ = BC/QR AND B=Q
THEREFORE TRIANGLE ABC & PQR ARE SIMILAR

Basic Proportionality
Theorem
If

a line is drawn parallel to one side of a

triangle intersecting other two sides, then it
divides the two sides in the same ratio.
In ABC , if DE || BC and intersects AB in D and AC
in E then
AD AE
---- = ----- DB EC

Proof of Thales Theorem

Given :In ABC , DE || BC and intersects AB in D and AC in E.
To Prove : AD / DB = AE / EC
Construction :Join BC,CD and draw EF BA and DG CA.
Proof : EF BA

EF is the height of ADE and DBE

Area(ADE) = (AD .EF)/2
Area(DBE) =(DB.EF)/2
(Area(ADE))/(Area(DBE)) = AD/DB
(Area(ADE))/(Area(DEC)) = AE/EC
DBE ~DEC
Area(DBE)=area(DEC
AD/DB =AE/EC

Area theorem
P

The ratio of area of two similar triangles

is equal to the of ratio of the proportional
sides of the similar triangle. In fig., if ABC
is similar to PQR
ar(ABC)/ar(PQR)=AB2/PQ2=BC2/QR2=AC2/P

Proof of Area Theorem

Proof of Area Theorem

Proof of Area Theorem

Pythagoras Theorem
A

In a right angled triangle, sum of square of

base & perpendicular is equal to the square
of hypotenuse. In triangle ABC right angled
at B, AB2 + BC2 = AC2

Proof of Pythagoras Theorem

Pythagoras Theorem

Conclusion
So at the end we conclude that through this
presentation on triangles (similarity) we
have covered all the properties, theorems,
of triangles. This power point presentation
covers all the points that has been covered
in our NCERT book of class X and most of
its information is taken from NCERT book
only.

A Power Point
Presentation from:
Shubham Kala
Bahrat Adhikari
Vishal Kr. Gautam
Sourabh Semwal
Vikrant Katoch