Pengetahuan Dasar Batubara
Pengetahuan Dasar Batubara
Pure Coal
Mineral Matter Moisture
(C,H,N,O,S,N, Trace elements)
Inherent Adherent
Ash LOI Volatile Matter Fixed Carbon Moisture Moisture
Free
Moisture
Total
Moisture
Residual
Moisture
Volatile
Matter
Organic
Matter
(pure
coal)
Fixed
Carbon
Volatil
Mineral e
MM
Matter
Ash
Bulagidun
Bangkinang G. Bawang Loloda 0 300 600
(Sn) (Cu,Au)
(Mo) Ratatotok (Cu,Mn)
Tapadaa Kilometer
Malala (Au)
(Cu) Tanjung Buli
(Mo) (Ni, Co)
Singkep
(Sn) Gosowong
Sn
Kelian( Au) 9 P. Gebe
3
S. Liat & Belinyu G. Pani (Au) (Ni,Co)
(Au, Cu)
Sn
(Sn) 11
Peg. Cycloop
Sekko (Ni,Co)
6 Kaputusan
Sn
(Ni, Co)
(Au,Ag)
Rawas
Kelapa Kampit Pomala
(Au) Barru
Au
(Sn) (Ni,Co)
Cempaka (Cr) Grasberg
G. Pongkor Meratus (Cu, Au)
(Pt) Sangkaropi G. Bijih
(Au,Ag) (Ni) Lerokis/Kalikuning (Cu, Au)
(Cu)
Lampung Baturape (Pb) (Au, Ag)
(Au) Cikotok
(Au)
Cibuniasih
(Pb, Au) Selogiri Sanenrejo
(Au) (Cu, Au) Batuhijau
Salopa/Cineam (Cu,Au)
(Au)
SUNDA - BANDA
KETERANGAN
Vulkanik Kuarter Sedimen dan Vulkanik Ni-Co dalam batuan Ultramafik
Paleozoikum - Mesozoikum Keterdapatan Mineral
Vulkanik Tersier Au-Cu dalam batuan Asam-Intermediet
Sedimen dan Vulkanik Tambang Aktif
Mesozoikum - Kenozoikum Cr-Fe dalam batuan Ultramafik
Vulkanik Pra Tersier
Batuan Basa-Ultrabasa
Sedimen Tersier-Kuarter
SIMPLIKASI ZONA MINERALISASI BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN BATUAN INDUK (DIADOPSI DARI BEBERAPA SUMBER)
Busur Aceh
Cu
Busur Kalimantan Tengah
Bulagidun
Busur Halmahera
Bangkinang G. Bawang Loloda 0 300 0 600250 500
(Sn) (Cu,Au)
(Mo) Ratatotok (Cu,Mn) Kilometer
Tapadaa Kilometer
Malala (Au)
(Cu) Tanjung Buli
(Mo) (Ni, Co)
Singkep Busur Irianjaya Tengah
(Sn) Gosowong P. Gebe
Sn
Kelian( Au)
3
S. Liat & Belinyu G. Pani (Au) (Ni,Co)
(Au, Cu)
Sn
(Sn)
Peg. Cycloop
Sekko (Ni,Co)
Kaputusan
Sn
(Ni, Co)
(Au,Ag)
Rawas
Kelapa Kampit Pomala
(Au) Barru
Au
(Sn) (Ni,Co)
Sumatera - Meratus Arc Cempaka (Cr) Grasberg
G. Pongkor Meratus (Cu, Au)
(Pt) Sangkaropi G. Bijih
(Au,Ag) (Ni) Lerokis/Kalikuning (Cu, Au)
Lampung
Busur Sumatera - Meratus (Cu)
(Au, Ag)
Baturape (Pb)
(Au)
Cikotok
(Au)
Selogiri Sanenrejo
(Au) (Cu, Au) Batuhijau
Salopa/Cineam (Cu,Au)
(Au)
Busur Sunda - Banda
KETERANGAN
MIOSEN AKHIR - PLIOSEN
Keterdapatan Mineral
KAPUR AKHIR
WILAYAH
40 CADANGAN
PERTAMBANGAN
<10 %
20 N Ha
10
0 2 5 7 WAKTU (TH)
Commercial classification
R
Meta > 4.0
High Rank Antharacite Ortho 2.5-4.0
Semi 2.0-2.5
Meta 1.4-2.0
Semi 0.6-1.0
Sub-bituminous 0.4-0.6
Low Rank
Lignite 0.4<
R : Reflectance of vitrinite
Commercial Classification
1. Standard for coal classification
International classification
2. For utilization
Stream Coal, Coking Coal, Anthracite
3. By size
Run-of-mine Coal > 50 mm
Lump Coal 38-50 mm
Coarse Grain Coal 25-37 mm
Fine Grain Coal <25 mm
Small Coal >1-3 mm
Very Fine Coal < 3 mm
Proved Recoverable Reserves
WEC 1998
[Mtonnes]
Bituminous Sub- Lignite Total Share (%)
+ Anthracite bituminous
USA 111,338 97,472 33,327 246,643 25.1
Coal
(%:World Reserves)
Metallurgical Thermal
(Coking Coal) (Steam Coal)
Dry,mineral-matter-free (d.m.m.f.)
Adherent
Ash LOI Volatile Matter Fixed Carbon Inherent Moisture
Moisture
COAL
LOI : loss on ignition
Coal Analysis by Different Base
As received Dry basis Dry, ash free
Proximate Analysis (wt%)
Moisture 3.4 --- ---
Ash 9.5 9.8 ---
Volatile Matter 20.6 21.3 23.7
Fixed Carbon 66.5 68.9 76.4
Ultimate Analysis (wt%)
Carbon 77.29 80.00 88.69
Hydrogen 4.59 4.36 4.83
Oxygen 5.61 2.69 2.99
Nitrogen 1.73 1.79 1.98
Sulfur 1.31 1.36 1.51
Calorific Value (MJ/kg)
Gross 31.68 32.79 36.15
Classification of Coal in Use
Steam Coal Direct use Pulverized coal combustion
Fluidized bed combustion
Stoker combustion
Pulverized coal injection
NOx ≤ 10 ppm
SOx ≤ 10 ppm Waste Water B, F, Ni, Mo,…….
Dust ≤ 10 mg/Nm3 Air Pollution Cl, F, Hg
Triple Ten
CHANGE OF REQUIRED COAL QUALITY