ANATOMI
Pembagian anatomi
Mikroskopik Anatomi
( Histologi = Ilmu Jaringan).
Ilmu yang mempelajari struktur tubuh dengan
menggunakan mikroskop
Makroskopik Anatomi
( Gross Anatomy = Ilmu Urai.)
Ilmu yang mempelajari struktur tubuh tanpa alat
pembesar.
Regional Anatomy
Medical school courses
are taught regionally.
Dissection of a cadaver
is best done in this
manner.
Regional Anatomy
This course will be divided
into 4 units:
1. Back and Upper Limb
2. Thorax and Abdomen
3. Pelvis and Lower Limb
4. Head and Neck
Organ Systems
Organ Systems
Terminologi
Anatomi
Regio-regio Dalam Tubuh
manusia
Nama Regio
Cephalic
Nama Anatomi.
Cephalon
Cervicalis
Thoracalis
Cervicis
Thorax
Brachialis
Abdominalis
Brachium
Abdomen
Gluteus
Femoralis
Glutea
Femur
Cruris
Pedis
Crural
Pes
Abreviation
a.
v.
n.
m.
aa.
av.
aw.
ax.
= arteri
= artery
= vena
= vein
= nervus
= nerve
= musculus = muscle
= arteriae = arteries
= venae
= veins
= musculi = muscles
= nervi
= nerves.
Anatomical Terminology
Directional.
Anterior
= front
---- navel is on the anterior the trunk.
Ventral
= belly side ---- navel is on the ventral surface.
Posterior = behind ---- spine is on the posterior of the body.
Dorsal
= back = behind.
Cranial
= toward the head --- Chest is cranial to the abdomen.
Superior = above ( when referring to standing human body superior is
equivalent to cranial)
Caudal
= toward the tail ----- the hips are cudal to the waist.
Inferior
= below; at a lower level. --- the knees are inferior to hips.
Medial
= toward the mid line
Lateral
= away from midline
Proximal = toward the central of the body
Distal
= away from the central of the body.
Superficial = toward body surface.
Profundus = away from body surface.
Terms of
Relationship and
Comparison
Figure 1.6
MOVEMENT
Anatomic Positions
Prone
Supine
Anatomic Positions
Trendelenburgs position
Fowlers position
22
6
1
26
25
---80
Appendicular skeleton :
Upper extremity
64
Lower extremity
62
---126
Total
206
Axial Skeleton
merupakan tulang axis dari tubuh :
Contoh : cranium, vertebrae, sacrum,
costae
Appendicular Skeleton
berbungan dengan penyusun
tubuh :
Contoh : extremitas atas bawah dan
pelvis
Skeletal System
Structure:
Bones
Cartilage
Function
Protection
Support
Movement
Storage for salts (e.g., calcium)
Supply of new blood cells
Parts
Axial skeleton
(skull, hyoid, vertebrae/sacrum, ribs,
sternum)
Appendicular skeleton
(bones of limbs including pectoral/pelvic
girdles)
JENIS TULANG
Panjang
Pipih
Sesamoid
Pendek
Tak beraturan
KOMPOSISI TULANG
Water (25%)
Organic Constituent (~25%)
Collagen.
A fibrous protein that provide flexibility.
Inorganic Constituent (~50%)
Calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate.
Mineral salts that provide hardness.
Figure 6.3
Slide
Hormonal Abnormalities
Oversecretion of hGH during
childhood produces giantism.
Undersecretion of hGH or the thyroid
hormones during childhood produces
dwarfism.
The epiphyseal plate closes before
normal height is reached.
Cold spots
indicate
Decreased
metabolism of
decalcified
bone.
Fracture.
Bone
infection.
Table 5.2
Copyright2003PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasBenjaminCummings
Slide 5.17
Figure 5.5
Slide 5.19
Architecture of muscle
Architecture of muscle
Strap/flat
Ex : m. sartorius
m. sternocleidomastoideus
Fusiform
Ex : M. biceps brachii
Pennate :
Unipennate
m. pronator quadratus
Bipennate
m. rectus femoris
Multipennate
m. deltoideus
Circular
m. orbicularis oculi
m. orbicularis oris Sphincter
TERIMA KASIH