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Topic:
MORAL VALUES AND ETHICS.

Presented by: ZabinGo Team

Team Members

Junaid Aslam
Nouman Arif
Zayam Mehmood
Saeed Amin

Ethics: What Does It Really

Mean?
Derived from Greek word Ethicos meaning Character or
Manners
Science of character of a person expressed as right or
wrong conduct or action.
Set of moral principles prescribing code, explains what is
good and right, or bad and wrong.
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Ethics: What Does It Really

Mean?
Definitions
Ethics involves a discipline that examines good or bad
practices within the context of a moral duty

Objective of Ethics
Studies human behavior and makes evaluative assessment about
them as moral or immoral
Establishes moral standards and norms of behavior
Makes judgment upon human behavior based on these standards and
norms
Prescribes moral behavior and makes recommendations about how
to or how not to behave
Expresses an opinion or attitude about human conduct in general

Three Key Branches of Ethics

Descriptive ethics involves describing, characterizing and
studying morality
What is

Normative ethics involves supplying and justifying moral

systems
What should be

 Applied ethics
about how moral outcomes can be achieved in
specific situations;

Moral Values.
Moral values are the standards of good and evil, which govern
an individuals behavior and choices.
OR
Values are the criteria for determining good and bad, fair and
unfair, just and unjust.

Types of
Values.
Universal Values:
It has the same value or worth
for all, or almost all people.
Eg, Sanctity of human life, Peace, and human dignity.
Instrumental Values:
These are values that can

be used to get something else.

Examples of these would include Progress (which
allows leisure time), Freedom (Through which we can
get dignity and/or self actualization), and Knowledge
(which helps us to get economic prosperity, and
progress).

 Intrinsic Values: ( opposite to

instrumental value)

Something has intrinsic

worth simply because of what it is, and not necessarily
what it will lead to.
For example ,beauty, artistic expression and happiness.
We value them because they are an important aspect of
life.

Prerequisite Values:
These are values that are
necessary before you can get to some bigger goal.
Examples of this type of value include safety (which is
needed before people can even think about having
anything else), Justice (which is needed before we can
move onto equality), or the common good (which must
be honored if we can ever get to a state of peace).

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Other many sources of

Values.
Fellow Workers

Fellow Workers

Family

Regions of
Country

Profession
The Individual

Friends

The Law

Conscience
Employer

Religious
Beliefs

Society at Large
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Common Unethical
Acts...
lying and withholding needed information
abusive or intimidating behavior
misreporting time worked
discrimination and sexual harassment
stealing
breaking environmental and safety laws
falsifying records
drug or alcohol abuse
giving or accepting bribes

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Sources of Moral Values.

Here we discuss the following;

Religion.
Science.
Culture.
Law.

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Religion
Religion is the greatest source of values.
Religion also teaches us how to behave and acts as a
unconscious
policing action.
For example, Sikhism religion teaches
that they should cover their head before praying to whom they
worship and not eating meat.

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Science
An another source of values.
Actually sciences main objective is to prove
certain facts, phenomenons and other things
right or wrong.
For example, it is scientifically proven that
working yourself too hard can lead to health
problems. Thus, science helps us realize that
there are better ways to live and thrive in our
environment.
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Culture
Culture refers to a set of values, rules & standards transmitted
among generations & acted upon to produce behaviors that fall
within acceptable limits. These rules & standards always play
an important part in determining values.
For example, its good to give place to elder one.

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Law
Laws are rules of conduct, approved by legislatures that guide
human behavior in any society. They codify ethical
expectations & keep changing when new evils emerge. But
laws cannot cover all ethical expectations of society.
For example, law forbids snatching.

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IMPORTANCE OF
VALUES

Personal values

Every one knows that life is precious

that life is important. We all protect our
life because we care for it more than
anything else. If life is so important, the
values of life are even more important.
Values

are

guiding

principles,

or

standards of behavior which are regarded

desirable, important and held in high
esteem by a particular society in which a

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Our values are a reflection of our

spirituality; our character. They are what
we hope to model for our children and the
children around us, because children do
watch us as they develop their own sense
of right and wrong. Regarding personal
character, Father of Indian Nation M.K
Ghandi says..

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Character Modeling(contd)
"If wealth is lost, nothing is lost"
"If health is lost, something is lost"
"If character is lost, everything is lost"
Best of all things is character.
Remember the CHINESE PROVERB.
If there

is righteousness in the heart, there will be beauty

in character, if there is beauty in character, there will be
harmony in the home, when there is harmony in the
home, there will be order in the nation, when there is
order in the nation there will be peace in the world".

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OTHER PERSONAL VALUES ARE

Honesty

Respectfulness

Bravery

Courage

Affection towards humanity

Patience

Truthfulness

Beauty

Responsibility
Justice ..etc
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SIGNIFICANCE OF VALUES FROM BUSINESS

PERSPECTIVE
A value is a belief, a mission, or a philosophy that
is really meaningful to the business.
An example of a business value is: "Customer Satisfaction.

Thus a business value is the companys criteria for achieving

a high level of performance.
For example, Merck, the pharmaceutical company became
so successful in its field because the company was so
dedicated to the value of "high quality and purity of its
drug products". Because of this perceived value,
distributors felt secure carrying Merck products, and felt
confident recommending the products to their customers.
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Any
Question

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THANK YOU
By: ZabinGo Team
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